anatomy of the head

• The parietal bones are located on either side of the skull, above the temporal bones.
• The skeleton of the head and neck includes the skull, middleear ossicles, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae.
• The occipital belly of the occipital frontalis muscle is responsible for raising eyebrows and horizontal wrinkles.
• The cranial dural venous sinuses communicate with the occipital belly of the occipital frontalis muscle by way of emissary veins, which can lead to venous sinus thrombosis, a life-threatening condition.
• The orbicularis oculi muscle closes the eyelids gently and tightly.
• Aponeurosis, or galea aponeurotica, has been divided into layers.
• The parotid duct pierces the buccinator and enters the oral cavity through a small orifice opposite the 2nd maxillary molar.
• The temporalis muscle, the largest of the muscles of mastication, is located in the temporal fossa and is attached to the skull by the lateral ligament of the TMJ.
• The mandibular nerve (CN V3) and chorda tympani nerves (CN7) exit the otic ganglion.
• The parotid gland, the largest of the salivary glands, straddles most of the posterior aspect of the ramus and is enclosed with the parotid sheath.
• The scalp is a dangerous layer that can lead to placement of the scalp, muscle, and facial expression changes.
• The corrugator supercilii muscle produces vertical wrinkles that indicate concern or worry.
• The internal pterygoid / medial and the external pterygoid / lateral muscles depress the mandible and open the mouth.
• The auriculotemporal nerve, which conveys postganglionic parasympathetic secretomotor fibers from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland, encircles the middle meningeal artery.
• Orbitomeatal plane or Frankfurt plane = the anatomicalposition of the skill is such lower margins of the orbits and theupper margins of the external acoustic meatus are in the samehorizontal plane.
• Sutures - separate bones united at immobile joints
• Facial skeleton
• Cranial cavity - space containing the brain
• Skull vault (calvarium) - upper part of the cranium and formsthe roof and side walls of the cranial cavity
• Base - lowest part of the cranium and forms the floor of thecranial cavity
• Occipital bone : 1
• Temporal bones : 2
• Sphenoid bone : 1
• Ethmoid bone : 1
• Zygomatic bones : 2
• Maxillae : 2
• Lacrimal bones : 2
• Vomer : 1
• Palatine bones : 2
• Inferior conchae : 2
• Mandible : 1
• The skeleton of the head and neck includes the skull, middle ear ossicles, hyoid bone, and cervical vertebrae.
• Orbitomeatal plane or Frankfurt plane = the anatomical position of the skill is such lower margins of the orbits and the upper margins of the external acoustic meatus are in the same horizontal plane.
• The tongue is a muscle of mastication.
• The muscles of mastication include the temporalis, masseter, and pterygoids.
• The mandibular nerve innervates the muscles of mastication.
• The maxillary artery encircles the middle meningeal artery.
• Sutures - separate bones united at immobile joints.
• Sutural ligaments - formed by the connective tissue between the bones.
• Cranial skeleton - bones of the skull, that surrounds the brain.