Specialised Cells

• What are erythrocytes?

  red blood cells
• What are neutrophils?

  White blood cells that ingest and destroy microbes in a process called phagocytosis.
• What are squamous cells?

  flattened and scale-like cells
• What are ciliated epithelial cells?

  epithelial cells with cilia
• What are epithelial cells?

  tightly packed cells in direct contact with the external environment
• What are palisade cells?


  closely packed photosynthetic cells within leaves
• What are root hair cells?

  Cells on the surface of plant roots, which grow into long "hairs" that stick out into the soil.
• What are guard cells?

  cells that control the opening and closing of stomata
• What is a hemocytoblast?


  blood stem cell
• What are the features of a blood cell?

  No nucleus to allow the cell to carry and transport more oxygen, biconcave so that it can distort itself to fit down narrow capillaries, doesn't have mitochondria so it cant respire
• What are the features of neutrophils?

  multi lobed nucleus to get through small gaps to get to site of infection , granular cytoplasm contains many lysosomes to attack pathogens
• What are the features of squamous cells?

  Very thin which allows faster diffusion
• What are the features of ciliated columnar cells?


  Moves material e.g. moves mucus up trachea
• What are the features of sperm cells?

  Haploid nucleus, acrosomes, streamline shape and 'whip like' flagella for movement
• What are acrosomes?

  enzymes necessary for fertilization
• cell differentiation


  the process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.
• Definition of tissue


  a group of cells similar to one another in structure that perform a common or related function
• Definition of an organ

  A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.
• Examples of tissues


  Muscular tissue - contracts to move whatever it's attached to, Glandular tissue - makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones, Epithelial tissue - covers some parts of the human body e.g. the inside of the gut, connective - cartilage,blood and bone
• Plant tissues


  dermal, vascular, ground
• xylem tissue


  Moves water and dissolved minerals and ions from the roots up the stem to the leaves where these substances are used in photosynthesis.
• phloem tissue


  Transports glucose and other dissolved sugars from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
• Function of palisade cell

  Found in the palisade mesophyll layer of a leaf. Contains lots of chloroplasts in order to carry out photosynthesis.
• Where is apical meristem tissue found?

  Growing tips of shoots and roots
• Where is the meristem found?

  In the vascular cambium between xylem and phloem
• What happens to the stoma if shrunken

  Closes
• What happens to the stoma when swollen

  Opens
• What is the stomata?

  pores under a leaf that lets gases in and out (CO2 and O2)