Unit 3 Reproduction and inheritance def.

• Amniotic fluid is the fluid that surrounds and protects the embryo in the uterus.
• Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction involving a single parent that creates genetically identical offspring.
• Cuttings are the simplest method of cloning plants, involving removing the lower leaves from a parent plant and replanting them in compost.
• An embryo is an unborn organism in an early stage of development.
• Fertilisation is the fusion of the nucleus of male and female gametes, restoring the full chromosome number.
• Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of oestrogen.
• Gametes are sex cells (sperm and egg cells) with half the usual number of chromosomes.
• Luteinising Hormone (LH) is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that initiates ovulation, the release of an egg from the ovary.
• The menstrual cycle is the monthly cycle in women that involves the development of the uterus lining, ovulation, maintenance of the uterus lining and its shedding.
• Oestrogen is the main female reproductive hormone released by the ovaries that causes the growth and repair of the uterus lining and is responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females.
• Placenta is a temporary organ attached to the uterus lining during pregnancy that provides nutrients to the developing embryo.
• Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains (either by the wind or insects) from the male part of a plant to the female part, enabling fertilisation.
• Progesterone is a hormone produced in the ovaries and placenta that maintains the uterus lining.
• what is an allele?

  Alleles. are different versions of the same gene. For example, the gene for eye colour has an allele for blue eye colour and an allele for brown eye colour. 
• what is a phenotype?

  a description of a physical characteristic controlled by a gene
• An organism with two copies of the same allele for a gene is called homozygous
• A person's genotype refers to their genetic makeup. For example AA, Aa or aa.
• What name is given to someone who has a gene for a recessive genetic disorder, but does not have the disorder?


  carrier
• what is a genotype?

   The combination of alleles that control each characteristic