Chapter 2 More about part of speech

• All nouns name a person, place, thing, or abstraction.
• Different nouns play different roles.
• Common and proper nouns are two types of nouns that we use to name people, places, things, and ideas.
• A noun is a word that refers to a person, place, thing, or idea.
• A common noun is a noun that refers to a general or non-specific person, place, thing, or idea.
• For example, the word city is a common noun because it can refer to any city in the world.
• Common nouns are not capitalized unless they start a sentence or are part of a title.
• For example: I live in a big city.
• City life is very busy.
• A solar eclipse is a truly amazing event.
• A solar eclipse is an event that people almost never witness.
• When an adjective ends in y, change the y to i, and then add -ly.
• A solar eclipse is an event that we rarely witness.
• Use the adjective form if the word describes a noun, and the adverb form if it describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
• Sometimes, adjust the spelling of the adjective slightly before adding the -ly ending.
• These four sentences show the differences between adjectives and adverbs.
• A solar eclipse is a rare event.
• She works for the City Council.
• A proper noun is a noun that refers to a specific or unique person, place, thing, or idea.
• For example, the word Tokyo is a proper noun because it refers to a specific city in Japan.
• Proper nouns are always capitalized, no matter where they appear in a sentence.
• For example: I visited Tokyo last year.
• Tokyo is the capital of Japan.
• He loves Tokyo Disneyland.
• Common Noun Proper Noun country Myanmar river Yangon River singer Ed Sheeran book Harry Potter month November
• The past continuous tense describes actions that started in the past and continued in the past but ended before the present moment.
• If an adverb modifies an adjective or another adverb, it is likely to be before it.
• Some verbs require that you change their endings to form the present continuous tense as the chart below shows.
• Adverbs generally modify verbs, but they can also modify adjectives or other adverbs as long as they are answering the question How? When? or Where?
• Adverbs are flexible and can modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs.
• Subject Helping Verb Base verb + -ing I am sweating you, we, they, and all plural nouns are sweating.
• An adverb usually follows the verb it describes, for example, but adverbs that modify verbs may also show up elsewhere in a sentence.
• Adding - ly to an adjective often turns it into an adverb, but they're different types of modifiers.
• If the verb is not a linking verb, the adjective must come before it.
• Most verbs add -ing to the base verb.
• Verbs ending in -e drop the final e and add - ing.
• The placement of the adjective depends on the type of verb that accompanies the noun.
• Adverbs may appear in various positions within a sentence.
• Normal singular nouns are words that refer to one person, place, thing, or idea.
• Normal plural nouns are words that refer to more than one of the same noun.