terminology

• men’s/women’s

  king/queen

  lord/lady


  asymmetric
• police officers

  firefighters

  head teacher

  inclusive usages
• love, honey, flower, petal, darling, dear, sugar, girl

  patronising usages
• cow, slut, slag, bird

  insulting usages
• god, mankind, manpower

  generic man
• nice, good, interesting, great

  empty adjective
• used to replace a more direct or harsh term

  euphemism
• kitten, booklet, duckling

  diminutive
• its a beautiful day, isnt it?

  tag question
• could you pass me the salt?

  id appreciate it if...

  indirect command
• very, extremely, really, incredibly

  intensifier
• would you be so kind to...? itd be greatly appreciated if...?


  super polite form
• you SHOULD study, he CAN play the guitar, COULD you help me, we MIGHT not go

  modal construction
• i REALLY want to go to the party

  speaking in italics
• what is back channelling

  refers to the verbal or non-verbal cues listeners give while someone else is speaking which show they are actively listening, understanding, or encouraging the speaker to continue. eg “uh-huh” “wow” “mhm” “really?”
• what is a topic shift

  refers to a change in the subject of a conversation. eg “i was talking to sarah earlier, by the way have you seen that new movie?”
• what are cloaked imperatives

  an indirect command that might seem like a suggestion question or statement rather than a direct order. eg “ could you pass me the salt?”
• what is conversational shitwork

  A term used to describe the uncomfortable tasks maintaining the flow of conversations often in social settings. eg small talk, confirmations, reassurance
• what are marked terms

  non neutral, specific words. eg “female/male teacher” ”young manager”