Behavourial explanation of phobias

• What is the term for irrational fears of specific objects or situations?

  Phobias
• What is the primary focus of classical conditioning?

  Learning through association between stimuli
• What is the term for a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus?

  Conditioned response
• How does operant conditioning differ from classical conditioning?

  Operant conditioning involves reinforcement or punishment
• In a scenario where a dog learns to sit for a treat, what type of conditioning is this?

  Operant conditioning
• What is the significance of reinforcement in behavior modification?

  It increases the likelihood of a behavior being repeated
• What is the term for a stimulus that naturally triggers a response?

  Unconditioned stimulus
• What is the role of a conditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?

  It elicits a conditioned response after association
• If a child learns to fear dogs after being bitten, what type of learning occurred?

  Classical conditioning
• How can desensitization be used to treat phobias?

  By gradually exposing the individual to the feared object
• What is the term for the process of reducing fear through gradual exposure?

  Desensitization
• Why is it important to maintain a controlled environment during conditioning experiments?

  To ensure that results are valid and reliable
• If a person is afraid of heights, what technique might a therapist use to help them?

  Gradual exposure to heights
• What factors can influence the effectiveness of conditioning?

  Timing, frequency, and intensity of stimuli
• What is the term for a behavior that is learned through observation?

  Observational learning
• How does reinforcement differ from punishment in behavior modification?

  Reinforcement increases behavior, punishment decreases it
• If a student studies hard to receive praise from a teacher, what type of conditioning is this?

  Operant conditioning
• What is the impact of negative reinforcement on behavior?

  It encourages the repetition of a behavior
• What is the term for a response that occurs naturally without conditioning?

  Unconditioned response
• What is the purpose of a control group in conditioning experiments?

  To compare results against the experimental group
• How does the concept of extinction apply to conditioned responses?

  Conditioned responses diminish when reinforcement stops
• What is the term for the gradual weakening of a conditioned response?

  Extinction
• Why is it important to understand the principles of conditioning in psychology?

  It helps in developing effective treatment strategies
• How can understanding phobias help in therapeutic settings?

  It allows for tailored treatment approaches
• What is the term for the process of associating a neutral stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus?

  Classical conditioning
• What role does the environment play in conditioning?

  It provides the context for learning associations
• If a person is treated for a phobia by gradually facing their fear, what method are they using?

  Exposure therapy
• How does the concept of reinforcement schedules affect behavior?

  Different schedules can lead to varying response rates
• What is the term for a stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement?

  Discriminative stimulus
• How does the concept of shaping work in behavior modification?

  It involves reinforcing successive approximations to a goal
• If a student receives praise for completing homework, what type of reinforcement is this?

  Positive reinforcement