COST 10

• it deals with the attitudes and behavioral patterns of a group and is concerned with how groups are formed, what their structure is, and which processes are followed in their functioning.

  Group dynamics
• • refers to two or more people who share a common meaning and evaluation of themselves and come

  together to achieve common goals.

  • It is a collection of people who interact with one another; accept rights and obligations as members

  and who share a common identity.

  • Different groups have different characteristics, serve different purposes, and can lead to positive,

  neutral, or negative experiences.

  Group
• What are the characteristics of groups

  Collection

  Common goal

  Interaction

  Interdependence

  Collective Identity

  Functioning unit
• What are the reasons for group formation?

  Personal characteristics

  Opportunity for interaction

  Interests & goals

  Influence & power
• What are the stages of group development

  Forming

  Storming

  Norming

  Performing

  Adjourning
• 1st stage, characterized by members seeking, a time when a group is starting to come together, described with anxiety & uncertainty

  Forming
• formation of sub-groups within groups, where dispute & competition are at their greatest, members seek out familiar or similar individuals and begin a deeper sharing of self

  Storming
• marked by a more envious concern about task performance

  sub-groups begin to open up & sweet out other members

  easy to resolve disputes or disruption

  group leader can step back a little and let members

  efforts are made

  solidification of a group structure & sense of group identity and camaraderie

  once stage is complete, a clear picture will emerge about hierarchy of leadership

  Norming
• stage of fully functional group where members see themselves as a group and get involved in the task

  morale is high as members acknowledge the talents

  sense of belongingness is established

  group remains focused on group's purpose & goal

  each person contributes

  group norms are followed & collective pressure is exerted to ensure effective process of group

  Performing
• usually reached when the task is successfully completed

  the group decides to disband

  some members may be unhappy over the stoppage of meetings with group members

  may also be referred to as mourning in the adjournment of the group

  Adjourning
• A sociologist who created a field of study called microsociology or social interaction

  Erving Goffman
• social interaction; a field of study created by Erving Goffman

  Microsociology
• process by which we act and react to stimuli around us

  includes acts performed toward each other & the responses they give in return

  Social Interaction
• 5 categories of social interaction

  Social Exchange

  Competition

  Conflict

  Cooperation

  Coercion
• most basic type of social interaction

  happens when people interact to receive a reward for their actions

  Social Exchange
• If you do something for someone, they owe you something in exchange

  Reciprocity
• When 2 or more people strive against one another to gain possession of a good or service

  Competition
• occurs when a group of individuals acts together to achieve a common goal

  motives or actions are paralleled and mutual

  Cooperation
• Individuals or groups are formed to give in to the will of other individuals/groups

  Coercion
• Disagreement though which parties involved perceive a threat to their needs, interests, or concerns

  Conflict
• What are the 2 responses of individuals when joining groups

  Conformity

  Non-comformity
• behavior that matches group expectations

  adapting to fit those around us

  Conformity
• What are 2 reasons for conformity

  Normative conformity

  Informational conformity
• to fit with the group

  search to be rejected by the group

  Normative conformity
• lacks knowledge & looks to the group for guidance

  unclear situation & socially compared their behavior

  Informational conformity
• what are the types of conformity

  Compliance

  Internationalization

  Identification
• Group acceptance, done to achieve favorable reaction

  Compliance
• genuine acceptance of group norms

  Internationalization
• group membership

  accepts influence to establish or maintain a satisfying self-defining no self dining relationships

  Identification
• any form of organized act carried about by a group of people to address their common needs such as struggles for equality, fair treatment, and distribution

  arises when efforts of 2 or more individuals are needed to achieve an outcome

  partially associated with the provision of public goods

  Collective Action
• a product that one individual can consume without reducing its availability to another individual and from which no one is excluded

  Public Goods
• What are the characteristics of public goods

  Non-rivalrous

  Non-excludable
• What are the characteristics of private goods

  Rivalrous

  Excludable
• product/service does not reduce in availability as people consume it

  Non-rivalrous
• product/service is available to many people to enjoy

  Non-excludable
• a good whose consumption by one consumer prevents simultaneous consumption by other consumers

  Rivalrous
• a good for which it is possible to prevent consumers who have not paid for it from having access to it

  Excludable
• Excludable, Rivalrous; e.g. cars, clothing, food

  Private goods
• Non-excludable, Rivalrous; e.g. fish in ocean, mining coal

  Common goods
• Excludable, Non-rivalrous; e.g. cinemas, parks, toll highways, cable

  Club goods