Values and beliefs

• What do nurses often distrust regarding patients?

  Nurses often distrust patients' self-reporting of pain
• What does the distrust of nurses suggest about their beliefs?

  Nurses have their own benchmark for pain expression
• Who stated, “To have pain is to have certainty; to hear about pain is to have doubt”?

  Scarry
• What does the quote by Scarry imply about pain perception?

  Experiencing pain is certain, while reporting it is doubtful
• Is pain considered subjective or objective?

  Pain is considered subjective
• How might bias affect perceptions of pain in certain individuals?

  Drug users or alcoholics may overreact to discomfort
• What are the implications of nurses' distrust in patients' self-reporting of pain?

  • Suggests a personal benchmark for pain
  • May lead to inadequate pain management
  • Can affect patient-nurse relationships