Translation

• What is produced by translation?

  Proteins
• Where does translation take place?

  In ribosomes in the cytoplasm
• What is translation?

  The process of using mRNA and tRNA to build a polypeptide chain.
• Where does an mRNA molecule initially bind to a ribosome?

  At the start codon on mRNA.
• Which part of a tRNA molecule binds to an mRNA molecule?

  The anticodon on tRNA binds to a codon on the mRNA molecule.
• During translation, what happens when a ribosome reaches a stop codon?

  The polypeptide chain detaches from the ribosome
• Describe how amino acids are joined together in the process of translation.

  Amino acids are joined together in a condensation reaction that uses ATP to form a peptide bond between them.
• What are the steps involved in translation?

  1. mRNA binds to a ribosome
  2. tRNA with complementary anti-codon binds to the first mRNA codon
  3. A second tRNA binds to the next mRNA codon
  4. ATP is used to form a peptide bond between the 2 amino acids on the tRNA molecules
  5. The first tRNA is released, leaving behind its amino acid
  6. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, building up an amino acid chain
  7. When the ribosome reaches a stop codon, polypeptide chain detaches from it.
• What is translation?

  The production of polypeptides from the sequence of codons carried by mRNA