2.

• Music of Latin American. It is the product of the three major influence indigenous, Spanish. Portuguese and African. It is also referred to as Latin music because of the impact on the countries colonized by Spain.
• Indigenous Latin- American Music. It was largely functional in nature being used for religious worship and ceremonies.
• Afro-Latin American music. It is most pronounces in uts rich and varied rhythmic patterns produced by drums and various percussion instruments.
• Euro-Latin American Music. Adopted various characteristics from their European colonizers melodies of the Renaissance period were used in southern Chile and the Colombian pacific coast while step-wise melodies were preferred on the heavily Hispanic and Morrish influenced areas of Venezuela and Colombia.
• Mixed American Music. The musical fusion, combing native instruments with European counterparts and musical theories was further enriched by the instruments brought by the African slaves.
• Popular Latin American Music. It has produced a number of musical genres and forms that had been influenced by European folk music, African traditional music, and native sources.
• Samba is a dance form of African origin who evolved into an African- Brazillian favorite in the working class and slum districts of Rio de Janeiro, it's lively rhythmic consists of a meter that is danced as a three step 4 per measure, thus creating a feeling of a meter instead.
• Son is a fusion of the popular music and canciones of spain and the African rumba rhythms of Bantu Origin. Originating in Cuba, it isusually played with Thres, contrabass, maracas,and claves.
• Salsa is a social dance marked influences from Cuba and Puerto Rico that started in mis 1970s.it contains elements from the swing dance and hustle as well as the complex Afro Cuban and afro Caribbean. It is executed by shifting the weight by the sideways , causing the hips to move while the upper body remains level.
• MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS OF LATIN AMERICA- The varied culture’s that developed in Latin America gave rise to different types of wind and percussion instruments.
• AZTEC AND MAYAN INSTRUMENTS -In Central America, the ancient civilizations of the Aztec and Maya peoples used various instruments mainly for religious functions and these were usually played by professional musicians.
• TEPONAZTLI is a Mexican

  slit drum hollowed out and carved from a piece of

  hardwood. It is then decorated with designs in

  relief or carved to represent

  human figures or animals to

  be used for both religious

  and recreational purposes.
• TLAPITZALLI is a flute

  variety from the Aztec

  culture made of clay

  with decorations of abstract designs or

  images of their deities.
• CONCHA is a wind instrument usually made from the shell of a large sea snail. It is prepared by cutting a hole in the shell’s spine near the apex, then blown into as if it were a

  trumpet.
• RASP is a hand percussion

  instrument whose sound is produced by scraping a stick (or a

  similar object) that has a series of

  indentations or notches with another stick, creating rattling effects.
• HUEHUETI is an upright tubular drum used by the Aztecs and other ancient civilizations. It is made of wood opened at the bottom and standing on three legs cut from the base. Its top membrane of stretched animal skin is beaten by the hand or a wooden mallet.
• WHISTLES are instruments made of natural elements such as bone from animals. The eagle-bone whistle is the most common. It produces a series of high-pitched notes which are similar to the cry of an eagle..

  Whistles can produce a wide variety of notes by varying the airflow and pressure. In some areas, whistles are only used in ceremonies to call the spirits.
• OCARINA is an

  ancient vessel flute made of clay or ceramic with four to

  12 finger holes and a mouthpiece that projects from the

  body.
• ZAMPOÑAS or panpipes are ancient instruments from the Andes Mountains of South America. They typically feature bamboo tubes of different lengths tied together either in pairs or more to produce graduated pitches of sound. They are played by blowing over the top of the tubes in the same way one might blow over an empty soda bottle to create a musical note. The result is a beautiful and airy sound that can be heard playing some of the most haunting melodies.
• SIKU (panpipe) is originally from the Aymaras of Perú and Bolivia. It is traditionally found all across the Andes, and is the main instrument used in a musical genre known as sikuri. The pipes are made from bamboo tubes, but have also been made from condor feathers, bone, and many other materials. Different types of bamboo are used to change the quality of the sound. Songo, or shallow-walled bamboo, gives a louder, more resonant sound than a regular deep-walled bamboo, but is less common due to its fragility.
• WOODEN TARKAis a vertical duct flute with a mouthpiece similar to that of a recorder.

  It is used during the rainy season and in tribal ceremonies to mimic bird sounds. It sounds very primitive, soft, and mellow with a rasp in the low range.
• QUENA is a vertical cane flute made from fragile bamboo. Thus it is only used during the dry season. It has six finger holes and one thumb hole. It is open on both ends or the bottom is half-

  closed.
• CHARANGO is a ten-stringed Andean guitar from Bolivia. It is the size of a ukulele and is a smaller version of the mandolin, imitating the early guitar and lute brought by the Spaniards
• MARIACHI is an extremely popular band in Mexico whose original ensemble consisted of violins, guitars, a harp, and an enormous guitarron (acoustic bass guitar). Trumpets later replaced the harp. Mariachi music is extremely passionate and romantic with its blended harmonies and catchy rhythms.
• What are the three musical instruments if Latin America?

  Aztec and Mayan musical instruments, Incan musical instruments, Andean musical instruments.
• Cumbia. A style of Latin music that originated in Colombia and became popular Souty America, central America, and US. It is a courtship dance.
• Tango. Origin meaning "African dance" or from the Spanish word taner meaning "to play".
• Cha-Cha. It is a ballroomdance that originated in Cuba 1950s. It was derived from the mambo and its characteristics rhythm of 2 crochets -3 quavers -quaver rest with a syncopation on the four beat.
• Rumba. it is a style osic and danced develop in cuba, set to syncopated duple meter rhythms.
• Bossa nova. It 8s a slower, gentle version of classic cuban samba became popular with the upper and middle class sector of Brazil. The name bossa nova is Portuguese of "new trend"
• Antonio Carlos Jobim. Known as the "father of bossa nova".
• Sitti Navarro. Known as the "Phillipinesqueen of bossa nova."
• Reggae. An urban popular music and dance style that originated in Jamaica in the mid 1960s. It contained English text coupled with creole expressions tgat were not so familiar to the non Jamaican.
• Foxtrot. It was executed as a one step, two step and syncopated rhythmic pattern.
• Paso Doble. Means "double step" is a theatrical Spanish danced used by the Spaniards in bullfights.