QUIZ 2

• What is the cell cycle?

  Series of events for cell growth and division
• Why is the cell cycle important?

  Ensures proper cell growth, DNA replication, and division
• What is cell division?

  Process of replicating a cell into daughter cells
• What is the significance of cell division?

  Essential for growth, repair, and reproduction
• What is mitosis?

  Process where a parent cell divides into two identical cells
• How do unicellular organisms use mitosis?

  To reproduce asexually
• How do multicellular organisms use mitosis?

  To create new cells for growth and repair
• What happens during interphase?

  The cell grows and replicates its DNA
• What occurs during prophase?

  Chromosomes condense and nucleolus disappears
• What happens during metaphase?

  Chromosomes align in the center and attach to microtubules
• What occurs during anaphase?

  Chromatids separate and move to opposite ends
• What is the purpose of anaphase?

  Ensures identical chromosomes in each cell
• What happens during telophase?

  Chromosomes decondense and cells begin to split
• What is cytokinesis?

  Splitting of the cytoplasm to form daughter cells
• What is meiosis?

  Type of cell division reducing chromosome number by half
• Why is meiosis essential for sexual reproduction?

  It creates gametes like sperm and egg cells
• What types of cells does meiosis produce in plants?

  Pollen and ovules
• How does meiosis differ from mitosis?

  Meiosis produces four unique cells, mitosis two identical
• What is meiosis?

  A type of cell division producing four daughter cells
• Why is meiosis important?

  It ensures correct chromosome number in offspring
• What happens during Prophase 1 of meiosis?

  • Chromosomes condense
  • Nucleolus breaks down
  • Crossing over occurs (genetic material exchange)
  • Chromosomes align in pairs
  • Random assortment of chromosome pairs
• What is the significance of crossing over during Prophase 1?

  It allows genetic material to be exchanged
• What occurs during Metaphase 1 of meiosis?

  • Chromosome pairs align in the center
  • Random assortment occurs
  • Pairs line up randomly
• What happens during Anaphase 1?

  Chromosome pairs separate to opposite ends
• What is the result of Anaphase 1?

  Each cell contains half the chromosomes
• What occurs during Telophase 1?

  • Two new nuclei form around chromosomes
  • Cytoplasm splits
  • Two haploid daughter cells are formed
• What happens during Prophase 2 of meiosis?

  • Chromosomes condense again
  • Nucleolus breaks down in both cells
• What occurs during Metaphase 2?

  • Chromosomes align single file in the center
  • Ensures sister chromatids separate in the next stage
• What is the outcome of Anaphase 2?

  Sister chromatids separate to opposite ends
• What happens during Telophase 2?

  • Four new nuclei form around chromosomes
  • Cytoplasm splits
  • Four haploid daughter cells are formed
• How many haploid daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

  Four haploid daughter cells