Mixtures

• Matter occupies space and has mass.
• A pure substance is a material that has a fixed composition throughout and does not vary from sample to sample.
• A mixture is a combination of two or more substances by physical means.
• Elements are a material composed of atoms and are considered as the building block of matter.
• A compound is a combination of two or more elements through chemical reactions.
• A homogeneous mixture is a type of mixture that has uniform composition throughout.
• A heterogeneous mixture is a type of mixture that has varying compositions.
• An alloy is a mixture made by melting two or more elements together.
• A colloid is a mixture with scattered particles throughout a dispersing medium.
• A suspension is a mixture whose particles are suspended in liquids.
• Sieving is a process of separating particles of mixtures with different sizes.
• Picking is a simple way of separating the components of a mixture by using hands or tools such as tongs.
• Using a magnet is an effective technique if one of the components has a magnetic property.
• Centrifugation is a process used to separate certain solid components by centrifugal force.
• Chromatography is a process of separating the components via partitioning between mobile phase and a stationary phase.
• Decantation is a process of separating the components by allowing the insoluble substance to settle.
• Distillation is a process of separating the components of homogeneous liquid mixtures with different boiling points.
• Evaporation is a method used to separate the liquid components by turning it into a gas, leaving out the dissolved solid particles.
• Filtration is a process of separating the insoluble particles from a liquid using a porous material such as a filter paper.
• Filtrate is the liquid that passes through the filter.
• Residue is the solid substance left in the filter.
• Petroleum Gas - 20-50C
• Naphthalene - 70-200C
• Gasoline - 100 - 150C
• Kerosene - 200 - 300C
• Diesel - 300C
• Lubricating Oil and Bitumen - 300C Above