conservation of momentum

• What does momentum measure?

  How much movement an object has
• How do the free-body diagrams in (a) and (c) differ in the forces acting on the system?

  The free-body diagram in (c) includes an additional force, Fadult, acting on the adult
• How does the momentum of two marbles change during a collision?

  They exchange momentum but total remains constant
• What is the momentum of a 1-kilogram bowling ball rolling at 2 meters per second?

  2 kg⋅m/s
• What does the equation $F_{net} =$$ma$ represent?


  It represents the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration
• How does the net force affect the acceleration of an object?

  The net force determines the object's acceleration
• What does the x-axis of the graph represent?

  Time (t)
• What does the Law of Conservation of Momentum state?

  Total momentum remains constant in closed systems
• What are the forces acting on the system in the free-body diagram?

  • Normal force (N)
  • Weight force (W)
  • Force F1
  • Force F2
• What does Newton's Second Law of Motion state?

  The net force equals mass times acceleration
• What is the name of the diagram shown in the image?

  Free-body diagram
• How does Cart 1's velocity affect Cart 2 in the graph?

  Cart 1 stops, Cart 2 gains equivalent momentum
• If the weight force (W) is $10\text{ N}$, what is the magnitude of the normal force (N) acting on the system?


  $10\text{ N}$
• How is momentum calculated?

  By multiplying mass by velocity
• What is the result of Cart 1's positive velocity in the collision?

  Cart 1 stops with zero velocity
• What is an elastic collision?

  Objects bounce off each other, retaining shape
• What is the relationship between the forces acting on the system according to the free-body diagram?

  The net force (Fnet) is the sum of all the individual forces acting on the system
• How do rockets use conservation of momentum during launches?

  They eject gas downward to propel forward.
• What are the units of momentum?

  kg⋅m/s
• What occurs during car crashes in terms of momentum?

  Vehicles exchange momentum, often inelastic collisions.
• What is an inelastic collision?

  Objects stick together after colliding
• In what type of system does the Law of Conservation of Momentum apply?

  In a closed system without external forces
• If two clay balls collide and merge, what happens to their momentum?

  The combined ball has the same total momentum
• What is a characteristic of inelastic collisions in car crashes?

  Cars stick together, losing energy as heat.
• What happens when a cue ball hits another ball in billiards?

  It transfers momentum, causing both to move.
• What happens to energy in an inelastic collision?

  Some energy is lost as heat or sound
• How do the free-body diagrams in (b) and (c) differ?

  • (b) shows the forces acting on the system as a whole
  • (c) shows the forces acting on the adult and the child separately
• What are the key features of an elastic collision as shown in the graph?

  • Velocity of the objects changes direction but magnitude is conserved
  • Momentum is conserved before and after the collision
  • Kinetic energy is also conserved before and after the collision
• What happens to momentum during a collision between two marbles?

  • Each marble has its own momentum before collision
  • They exchange momentum during the collision
  • Total momentum remains the same after collision
• What is the name of the graph shown in the image?

  Elastic Collision
• What does momentum refer to in the context of elastic collisions?

  Momentum is the product of mass and velocity
• If two marbles collide and change speed, what remains unchanged?

  The total momentum of the system
• How can you calculate the momentum of an object?

  • Momentum (p) = mass (m) * velocity (v)
  • Momentum is a vector quantity, with both magnitude and direction
• What does the y-axis of the graph represent?

  Velocity (v)
• What is the symbol used to represent the normal force in the free-body diagrams?

  N
• What happens to objects in an elastic collision?

  They transfer velocity perfectly and retain shape
• How does kinetic energy change in an inelastic collision?

  Kinetic energy reduces because they move as one
• If Cart 1 has a momentum of $10 \text{ kg m/s}$, what momentum does Cart 2 gain after the collision?


  $10 \text{ kg m/s}$
• What is the significance of the graph in the context of elastic collisions?

  It illustrates momentum transfer between carts
• What is the formula for momentum?

  momentum = mass × velocity