MULTI-STORE MODEL OF MEMORY

• WHAT DOES THE MULTI-STORE MEMORY MOST CLEARLY HELP US UNDERSTAND?

  LTM and STM are stored separately
• WHAT IS THE FIRST STEP OF THE MULTI-STORE MODEL?

  stimuli in the environment enter the sensory register
• TYPES OF INFORMATION STORED IN SENSORY REGISTER?

  iconic, echoic, haptic, olfactory
• HOW IS INFORMATION TRANSFERRED FROM THE SENSORY REGISTER TO THE STM?

  attention
• HOW IS INFORMATION MAINTAINED IN THE STM?

  maintenance rehearsal (rehearsal loop)
• HOW IS INFORMATION TAKEN OUT OF THE STM?

  recall
• HOW IS INFORMATION TRANSFERRED FROM THE STM TO THE LTM?

  prolonged rehearsal
• HOW IS INFORMATION TRANSFERRED FROM THE LTM TO THE STM?

  retrieval
• WHAT HAPPENS TO MEMORIES IN THE LTM IF NOT RECALLED?

  decay/ interference
• WHO CREATED THE MULTI-STORE MODEL?

  Atkinson and Shiffrin
• STRENGTH OF THE MSM?

  research support, Baddeley, HM
• WHAT DID BADDELEY DISCOVER?

  • recall of acoustically similar words was disrupted if asked to recall immediately but not after a delay
  • recall of semantically similar words was disrupted after a delay but not during immediate recall
  • information recalled immediately and information recalled after period of time not processed by the same store
  • MSM not correct
• WHAT HAPPENED TO HM?

  had hippocampi removed which affected his LTM (STM still intact)
• WHAT SUGGESTED THERE WERE DIFFERENT STORES FOR LTM AND STM?

  HM could recall a number after rehearsal but not what he had for breakfast
• WHAT WAS STRANGE ABOUT HM?

  still could make long term memories, got better at tasks after practice
• WHAT DID HM’S EXPERIMENT LEAD TO THE DISCOVERY OF?

  different stores of LTM (MSM incomplete + simplistic)
• WHAT DOES MSM FAIL TO ACCOUNT FOR?

  rehearsal too simple a process for transfer from STM to LTM
• WHO ARGUED AGAINST MSM?

  Craik and Lockhart
• WHAT DID CRAIK AND LOCKHART ARGUE?

  different types of rehearsal
• WHAT IS MAINTENANCE REHEARSAL?

  when one goes over information repeatedly so it remains in the STM
• WHAT IS ELABORATE REHEARSAL?

  when new information is given meaning/ connected to information already on LTM
• WHAT TYPE OF REHEARSAL IS NEEDED TO TRANSFER FROM THE STM TO LTM?

  elaborate rehearsal
• WHAT DOES MSM STATE THAT IS INCORRECT?

  unitary store
• DOES KF PROVIDE EVIDENCE FOR OR AGAINST THE MSM?

  against
• WHAT HAPPENED TO KF?

  was in a motorbike accident, left with variable damage on STM
• EXPERIMENT ON KF?

  • when digits presented verbally had digit span of 1
  • when digits presented visually did better