organistion summary

Cards (73)

  • What do we call connected similar cells?
    Tissue
  • What do tissues form in the body?
    Organs
  • What do organs work together to form?
    An organ system
  • What does the digestive system do?
    Breaks down food into nutrients
  • What breaks down food in the stomach?
    Acid
  • What works together in the small intestine to break down food?
    Bile and enzymes
  • Where is bile made?
    Liver
  • What does bile do?
    Neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats
  • What are enzymes?
    Biological catalysts
  • What do some enzymes do to larger molecules?
    Break them down into smaller ones
  • What enzyme breaks down starch?
    Amylase
  • Where is amylase found?
    Small intestine and saliva
  • What is the specificity of enzymes?
    They only break down certain molecules
  • What do carbohydrases break down?
    Carbohydrates
  • What do proteases break down?
    Proteins
  • What do lipases break down?
    Lipids
  • What principle do enzymes work on?
    Lock and key principle
  • What must happen for a substrate to bind to an enzyme?
    It must be the right shape
  • What happens to the enzyme's active site at high temperatures?
    It changes shape
  • What do we call it when an enzyme's active site changes shape?
    Denaturation
  • What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?
    The best temperature for activity
  • What can also denature enzymes besides temperature?
    pH levels
  • What is the practical method for testing enzyme activity?
    Mix amylase with starch at different temperatures
  • What does iodine indicate in food tests?
    Presence of starch
  • What does Benedict's solution indicate?
    Presence of sugars
  • What does Biuret's reagent indicate?
    Presence of proteins
  • What happens to cold ethanol in the presence of lipids?
    It becomes cloudy
  • What is the respiratory system responsible for?
    Breathing and gas exchange
  • What does breathing provide for respiration?
    Oxygen
  • What is the pathway of air during breathing?
    Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
  • What happens in the alveoli?
    Gas exchange occurs
  • What does oxygen bind to in red blood cells?
    Hemoglobin
  • What happens to carbon dioxide produced from respiration?
    It diffuses into the lungs and is exhaled
  • What is the heart's role in the circulatory system?
    It pumps blood throughout the body
  • What type of circulatory system do humans have?
    Double circulatory system
  • How many times does blood enter the heart during circulation?
    Twice
  • What vein carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?
    Vena cava
  • What prevents backflow of blood in the heart?
    Valves
  • Where does deoxygenated blood go after the right atrium?
    Right ventricle
  • What happens to blood after it is oxygenated in the lungs?
    It returns to the heart