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biology paper 1
organisation
organistion summary
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Cards (73)
What do we call connected similar cells?
Tissue
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What do tissues form in the body?
Organs
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What do organs work together to form?
An
organ system
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What does the digestive system do?
Breaks down food into
nutrients
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What breaks down food in the stomach?
Acid
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What works together in the small intestine to break down food?
Bile
and
enzymes
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Where is bile made?
Liver
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What does bile do?
Neutralizes
stomach acid
and
emulsifies
fats
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What are enzymes?
Biological
catalysts
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What do some enzymes do to larger molecules?
Break them down into
smaller
ones
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What enzyme breaks down starch?
Amylase
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Where is amylase found?
Small intestine and
saliva
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What is the specificity of enzymes?
They only break down
certain
molecules
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What do carbohydrases break down?
Carbohydrates
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What do proteases break down?
Proteins
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What do lipases break down?
Lipids
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What principle do enzymes work on?
Lock and key principle
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What must happen for a substrate to bind to an enzyme?
It must be the
right shape
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What happens to the enzyme's active site at high temperatures?
It
changes
shape
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What do we call it when an enzyme's active site changes shape?
Denaturation
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What is the optimum temperature for enzyme activity?
The
best
temperature for activity
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What can also denature enzymes besides temperature?
pH levels
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What is the practical method for testing enzyme activity?
Mix
amylase
with
starch
at different
temperatures
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What does iodine indicate in food tests?
Presence
of
starch
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What does Benedict's solution indicate?
Presence
of sugars
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What does Biuret's reagent indicate?
Presence
of proteins
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What happens to cold ethanol in the presence of lipids?
It becomes
cloudy
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What is the respiratory system responsible for?
Breathing
and
gas exchange
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What does breathing provide for respiration?
Oxygen
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What is the pathway of air during breathing?
Trachea
,
bronchi
, bronchioles,
alveoli
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What happens in the alveoli?
Gas exchange
occurs
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What does oxygen bind to in red blood cells?
Hemoglobin
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What happens to carbon dioxide produced from respiration?
It
diffuses
into the
lungs
and is exhaled
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What is the heart's role in the circulatory system?
It
pumps
blood
throughout the body
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What type of circulatory system do humans have?
Double
circulatory system
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How many times does blood enter the heart during circulation?
Twice
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What vein carries deoxygenated blood to the heart?
Vena cava
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What prevents backflow of blood in the heart?
Valves
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Where does deoxygenated blood go after the right atrium?
Right ventricle
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What happens to blood after it is oxygenated in the lungs?
It returns to the
heart
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