Control of blood glucose concentration

• What hormone is used to control blood glucose concentration?

  Insulin
• What is the role of insulin in blood glucose control?

  It triggers cells to take up glucose
• What are the two types of diabetes mentioned?

  Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
• How does type 1 diabetes affect insulin production?

  The pancreas does not produce enough insulin
• How does blood glucose concentration differ in a person with type 1 diabetes after a meal?

  It rises and stays high due to insufficient insulin
• What do people with type 1 diabetes do when their blood glucose rises too much?

  They inject themselves with insulin
• How does type 2 diabetes affect the body's response to insulin?

  The body cells stop responding to insulin
• What dietary change is often recommended for type 2 diabetes management?

  A controlled level of carbohydrates
• What is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes?

  Obesity
• What happens to blood glucose concentration between meals?

  It may fall too low
• What hormone is released when blood glucose concentration falls?

  Glucagon
• What effect does glucagon have on liver cells?

  It triggers conversion of glycogen to glucose
• How do insulin and glucagon interact in blood glucose regulation?

  They form a negative feedback cycle
• What is homeostasis in relation to blood glucose concentration?

  • Maintaining constant blood glucose levels
  • Involves insulin and glucagon
  • Essential for energy release by cells
• What are the treatments for type 1 and type 2 diabetes?

  Type 1 Diabetes:

  • Insulin injections
  • Blood glucose monitoring

  
  

  Type 2 Diabetes:

  • Controlled carbohydrate diet
  • Regular exercise
• Describe the effects of insulin and glucagon on blood glucose levels.

  • Insulin lowers blood glucose by promoting uptake
  • Glucagon raises blood glucose by converting glycogen to glucose
  • They work in opposition to maintain balance