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Biology A level
Genome projects
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Created by
Lara King
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Cards (23)
What process involves finding the nucleotide sequence of a gene or genome?
DNA sequencing
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What has become highly automated, leading to numerous genome sequencing projects?
Genome
sequencing
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What is defined as the complete set of proteins that an organism can produce?
A
proteome
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When was the human genome sequence completed?
2003
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Sequencing an organism's proteome can help identify what for vaccine development?
Antigens
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Why is it harder to determine the proteome of humans compared to bacteria?
Humans have
non-coding DNA
and
regulatory genes
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In what type of organism is the proteome easily found?
Simple organisms like
bacteria
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What technique separates molecules of DNA, RNA, and proteins?
Gel electrophoresis
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By what property are DNA and RNA molecules separated during gel electrophoresis?
Mass
determined by
length of fragment
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By what properties can proteins be separated during gel electrophoresis?
Mass or charge of
amino acids
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What is the mass of a protein a measure of during gel electrophoresis?
The number of
R groups
or
amino acids
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Where are the samples added in gel electrophoresis?
To a well in
agar gel
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What is the polarity of the electrode at the top of the gel in gel electrophoresis?
Negative
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Which molecules move faster across the gel in electrophoresis?
Lighter
, more
negatively charged
molecules
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How are multiple samples compared using gel electrophoresis?
By adding them to different
wells
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Name one application of gel electrophoresis?
Genome sequencing
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Name another application of gel electrophoresis?
Genetic fingerprinting
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How has the automation of DNA sequencing impacted scientific research?
Increased speed and scale of
genome projects
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How does sequencing the human genome help in sequencing the proteome?
It provides a
reference
for identifying
genes
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How do non-coding DNA and regulatory genes complicate proteome determination in humans?
They make it difficult to predict
protein production
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How does a molecule's negative charge affect its movement in gel electrophoresis?
It moves towards the
positive
electrode
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Why is an electric current applied during gel electrophoresis?
To drive the movement of
charged molecules
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What direction do the molecules move during gel electrophoresis?
From
negative
to
positive electrode
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