Genome projects

Cards (23)

  • What process involves finding the nucleotide sequence of a gene or genome?
    DNA sequencing
  • What has become highly automated, leading to numerous genome sequencing projects?
    Genome sequencing
  • What is defined as the complete set of proteins that an organism can produce?
    A proteome
  • When was the human genome sequence completed?
    2003
  • Sequencing an organism's proteome can help identify what for vaccine development?
    Antigens
  • Why is it harder to determine the proteome of humans compared to bacteria?
    Humans have non-coding DNA and regulatory genes
  • In what type of organism is the proteome easily found?
    Simple organisms like bacteria
  • What technique separates molecules of DNA, RNA, and proteins?
    Gel electrophoresis
  • By what property are DNA and RNA molecules separated during gel electrophoresis?
    Mass determined by length of fragment
  • By what properties can proteins be separated during gel electrophoresis?
    Mass or charge of amino acids
  • What is the mass of a protein a measure of during gel electrophoresis?
    The number of R groups or amino acids
  • Where are the samples added in gel electrophoresis?
    To a well in agar gel
  • What is the polarity of the electrode at the top of the gel in gel electrophoresis?
    Negative
  • Which molecules move faster across the gel in electrophoresis?
    Lighter, more negatively charged molecules
  • How are multiple samples compared using gel electrophoresis?
    By adding them to different wells
  • Name one application of gel electrophoresis?
    Genome sequencing
  • Name another application of gel electrophoresis?
    Genetic fingerprinting
  • How has the automation of DNA sequencing impacted scientific research?
    Increased speed and scale of genome projects
  • How does sequencing the human genome help in sequencing the proteome?
    It provides a reference for identifying genes
  • How do non-coding DNA and regulatory genes complicate proteome determination in humans?
    They make it difficult to predict protein production
  • How does a molecule's negative charge affect its movement in gel electrophoresis?
    It moves towards the positive electrode
  • Why is an electric current applied during gel electrophoresis?
    To drive the movement of charged molecules
  • What direction do the molecules move during gel electrophoresis?
    From negative to positive electrode