lesson 12

• citizenship


  legal status of an individual that allows them to enjoy certain rights and protection
• obligations


  payment of taxes / observance of laws
• naturalization process


  foreign to filipino
• bill of rights


  list of the fundamental and important rights
• michael saward


  citizens are made and not born
• inclusive citizenship


  marginalized individuals should be empowered and included
• deliberative views


  consider citizens as being involved and not seen as passive members
• difference democratic view


  not limited to direct involvement in government but should be active in civil society and private sector / require transparency
• cosmopolitan view


  extends citizenship beyond the state / should be involved in regional and international issues
• european union (eu)


  regional concept
• participatory governance


  citizens should be involved in political processes other than elections
• grassroots participatory budgeting system


  aims to engage the cooperation of local government units in identifying projects that need funding / bottom-up
• bottom-up


  consulting with citizens on budget issues
• recall


  impeach
• new media 


  made possible by digital or computer technology
• social media 


  online communities
• social networking


  allow people to keep in touch with their friends
• e-democracy


  diverse range of activities initiated by government or citizens
• user-generated content


  increased willingness of private citizens to share their thoughts
• new politics


  new style of activist politics / shift of power from governments to citizens
• anonymous 


  loosely associated international network of activist and hacktivist entities
• global culture


  consequence of new media
• social movement


  brings about change
• reform movements


  changes in the political structures and processes
• revolutionary movements


  deep changes in society and politics
• social movements


  do not aspire to acquire political power thru elections but thru nonconventional means
• social movements


  loose or informal organizational structure with nonpermanent membership / make decisions based on consultation / challenge legitimacy of the government
• first quarter storm


  january to march 1970 / protested imperialism, etc
• free riders


  reap the benefits of social change without directly participating
• free rider phenomenon


  self over principle / be biased for their welfare
• collective behavior approach


  treat protests as acts to destabilize society
• relative deprivation


  collective feeling of dissatisfaction
• resource mobilization approach


  need to have some kind of organizational structure in order to be successful
• political process approach


  emphasizes the external political environment in analyzing social movements / stresses the role of political opportunities
• democratization


  one of the main processes of political change
• new social movements


  advocate issues and concerns ignored by mainstream movements
• three basic differences


  bound by shared identity / innovative strategies of collective action / create new spaces of representation