Genetic Code

• Describe the structure of DNA in eukaryotes.

  In a nucleus, linear, long, wraps around histones, condensed into chromosomes, contains introns and exons.
• Describe the structure of DNA in prokaryotes.

  Within cytoplasm, circular, short, no histones, condensed by supercoiling, only contains exons.
• Describe the DNA in mitochondria and chloroplasts.

  Short, circular and no histone proteins.
• What are non-coding regions know as?

  Introns
• What are coding regions known as?

  Exons
• How is the the genetic code universal?

  Contains same bases A , T , G , C that create base sequences that code for a amino acid.
• How is the genetic code degenerate?

  Only 3 bases create a codon, there are 20 amino acids to code for but 64 codon combinations.
• What is mRNA and what are its bases?

  Messenger RNA. A , U , G , C
• Is the genetic code over-lapping?

  No
• What is a gene?

  A sequence of DNA bases that code for a polypeptide
• What is the locus?

  The location of the gene on the region of chromosome.
• What is the genome?

  Entire set of genes in a cell
• What is a proteome?

  Range of proteins a cell is able to produce
• What are 2 types of non-coding DNA?

  Introns and multiple repeats
• What are alleles?

  Genes that exist in different forms