Supporting Evidence

• What does Localisation Theory state?

  Different brain areas control specific functions
• How do case studies in biopsychology support localization?

  By examining brain damage and affected functions
• What does Localisation Theory help us understand about the brain?

  • How the brain organizes its operations
  • The relationship between brain areas and functions
  • The impact of damage to specific areas
• What does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measure?

  Brain activity during tasks
• What is the first structure in the auditory pathway?

  Cochlea
• What does damage to Wernicke's area cause?

  Receptive aphasia, hindering comprehension
• What do both fMRI and EEG techniques confirm about brain areas?

  They control specific functions
• What function does the Medial geniculate nucleus serve in the auditory pathway?

  It acts as a relay station
• How does studying correlation between auditory cortex activity help localization theory?

  It strengthens the connection to language processing
• What is the sequence of the auditory pathway from ear to brain?

  1. Cochlea
  2. Brainstem
  3. Superior Olivary Nucleus (sound localization)
  4. Inferior colliculus (reflexes to sound)
  5. Medial geniculate nucleus (relay station)
  6. Auditory cortex (sound perception)
• What are the strengths and weaknesses of fMRI and EEG?

  fMRI:

  • Strengths: Accurate localization
  • Weaknesses: Expensive, limited temporal resolution

  
  

  EEG:

  • Strengths: High temporal resolution
  • Weaknesses: Less accurate localization
• What is a limitation of correlation in statistical analysis?

  It doesn't prove causation
• What is the role of the Superior Olivary Nucleus in the auditory pathway?

  It is involved in sound localization
• What is the purpose of regression in statistical analysis?

  To predict a variable using another
• What does statistical analysis provide evidence for?

  Localization theory
• What do neuroscience techniques provide evidence for?

  Localization
• What does a strong correlation suggest?

  A connection between a brain region and a function
• What can parietal lobe injuries impair?

  Spatial awareness
• How can we compare the brain in terms of its functions?

  Like a computer with various processors
• How does the auditory pathway illustrate the processing of sound information?

  It shows processing in specialized brain regions
• What happens if one area of the brain is damaged?

  It can affect the related function
• How does statistical analysis relate to localization theory?

  It shows how brain regions relate to functions
• How does fMRI highlight active brain areas?

  By showing blood flow changes
• What do case studies in biopsychology provide evidence for?

  Localization
• What does correlation measure?

  The relationship between two variables
• How does EEG reveal brain activity?

  By measuring electrical signals in real-time
• What is the effect of damage to Broca's area?

  Aphasia, difficulty speaking
• Which structure in the auditory pathway is responsible for reflexes to sound?

  Inferior colliculus
• What is a metaphor used to describe fMRI scans?

  Highlights the working parts of a computer
• What is the final structure in the auditory pathway where sound perception occurs?

  Auditory cortex
• What is a potential issue with regression in understanding brain activity?

  It may oversimplify complex interactions
• What theory is reinforced by the findings of fMRI and EEG?

  Localization theory
• What are the uses, strengths, and weaknesses of correlation and regression in localization?

  • Correlation:
  • Use: Shows relationships
  • Strengths: Identifies associations
  • Weaknesses: Doesn't prove causation

  
  

  • Regression:
  • Use: Predicts functions from activity
  • Strengths: Guides understanding
  • Weaknesses: May oversimplify complex interactions
• How does statistical analysis support localization theory?

  By identifying relationships without brain manipulation
• What does electroencephalography (EEG) measure?

  Electrical brain waves