Contradictory Evidence

• What do the cases of Broca's and Wernicke's areas demonstrate about language processing?

  • Language involves multiple brain regions
  • Functions are not solely localized
  • A holistic approach is necessary
• What are neural networks?

  Connections between multiple brain regions
• What does the holistic approach suggest about cognitive functions?

  They involve multiple brain regions working together
• What are the two types of neuroplasticity?

  • Structural plasticity: changes physical brain structure based on experiences.
  • Functional plasticity: shifts brain functions when damaged.
• What do some case studies suggest about language functions?

  They are more complex than simple localization
• What approach does cognitive psychology support?

  Holistic approach
• How do brain regions work together according to distributed processing?

  Through neural networks
• What does contradictory evidence suggest about brain function?

  The brain is more holistic in function
• What is required to write a sentence according to the study material?

  Different areas for generating ideas and structuring
• What does localisation theory state about brain functions?

  Specific functions are controlled by specific brain areas
• Which brain region is involved in retrieving a phone number?

  Prefrontal cortex
• What does the holistic view challenge?

  The localization theory
• How does Wernicke's area damage affect speech?

  Individuals speak fluently but use meaningless words
• What brain functions are involved when learning to ride a bike?

  Memory, coordination, and balance zones
• How does the holistic view differ from localization theory?

  Cognitive functions involve multiple brain regions
• How does learning to ride a bike illustrate brain function?

  It involves multiple brain regions working together
• How does the holistic view impact our understanding of brain function?

  It emphasizes cooperation over strict localization
• Which brain region is engaged for storing a phone number?

  Hippocampus
• How do neuroplasticity abilities support a holistic view of the brain?

  • They allow brain regions to compensate for each other.
  • Example: language functions in Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.
• What happens when Broca's area is damaged?

  Aphasia occurs, affecting speech production
• What is the significance of a holistic approach in brain function?

  • Explains complex functions
  • Requires multiple brain regions
  • Operates in harmony
• What does distributed processing state about brain functions?

  Most functions involve multiple brain regions
• What does dynamic cooperation in the brain suggest?

  Brain function is complex and efficient
• How does the holistic approach contrast with localization theory?

  Localization theory posits functions reside in specific areas
• What does functional plasticity do when the brain is damaged?

  It shifts brain functions to compensate
• What is the term for the brain's ability to adapt?

  Neuroplasticity
• What does the holistic approach to language suggest?

  Multiple brain regions work together for language
• What aspects of reading involve different brain areas?

  Visual processing, language comprehension, pronunciation
• What do cognitive functions involve according to the holistic view?

  Multiple brain regions working together
• How does structural plasticity manifest in children and adults?

  Through experiences like learning blocks and reading