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Chemistry
Atomic Structure
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Created by
Preet Dukhi
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Cards (93)
What are the main components of an atom?
Protons
,
neutrons
, and
electrons
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What charge do protons have?
Positive
charge
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What is the charge of neutrons?
Zero
charge
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What is the charge of electrons?
Negative
charge
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What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/2000
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What does the top number in an element's notation represent?
Mass number
(
protons
+
neutrons
)
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What does the bottom number in an element's notation represent?
Atomic number
(number of
protons
)
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Why are all atoms neutral?
Because
protons
equal
electrons
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How many protons does O2- have?
Eight
protons
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What defines an ion?
Different number of
electrons
and
protons
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What is the charge of the O2- ion?
Minus two
charge
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What is the charge of sodium ion (Na+)?
Plus one
charge
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How many electrons does O2- have?
Ten
electrons
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How many protons does sodium have?
Eleven
protons
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How many electrons does Na+ have?
Ten
electrons
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What are isotopes?
Same
protons
, different
neutrons
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What are the three isotopes of carbon mentioned?
Carbon-12
,
Carbon-13
,
Carbon-14
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How do isotopes chemically react?
They react the same due to
electrons
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Who proposed the first atomic model in 1803?
John Dalton
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What did JJ Thompson discover about the atom?
It is not solid and contains
particles
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What is the plum pudding model?
Positive pudding with negative
electrons
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What did Rutherford discover about the nucleus?
It is very small and contains
positive
charges
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What experiment did Rutherford use to prove his model?
The
gold leaf experiment
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What did Neil's Bohr propose about electron arrangement?
Electrons exist in fixed
energy levels
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What happens when electrons move between shells?
They emit
radiation
when returning to
lower levels
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What is the modern atomic model based on?
Existence of
shells
and
subshells
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What is the first step in mass spectrometry?
Vaporization of the
sample
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What is the purpose of ionization in mass spectrometry?
To create a gaseous
positively charged
sample
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How is the sample accelerated in mass spectrometry?
By
negatively charged
plates or
electric field
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What happens during the ion drift stage?
Particles travel at
constant speed
and
kinetic energy
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What is detected at the end of the mass spectrometry process?
Electrical current when
particles
hit the plate
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What is relative atomic mass?
Average mass of an atom compared to
carbon-12
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What is relative molecular mass?
Average mass of a molecule compared to
carbon-12
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What is relative isotopic mass?
Mass of an isotope compared to
carbon-12
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What does the mass charge ratio represent in mass spectra?
Mass of
isotope
divided by charge
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What does the abundance in mass spectra indicate?
Relative amount of
isotopes
present
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What must the total abundance of isotopes equal?
100%
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What happens to the mass-to-charge ratio if two electrons are knocked off an isotope?
It becomes
half
as much
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What does the symbol Z represent in isotopes?
It stands for
charge
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How is abundance typically represented in isotopes?
As a
percentage
or
nominal value
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