Atomic Structure

Cards (93)

  • What are the main components of an atom?
    Protons, neutrons, and electrons
  • What charge do protons have?
    Positive charge
  • What is the charge of neutrons?
    Zero charge
  • What is the charge of electrons?
    Negative charge
  • What is the relative mass of an electron?
    1/2000
  • What does the top number in an element's notation represent?
    Mass number (protons + neutrons)
  • What does the bottom number in an element's notation represent?
    Atomic number (number of protons)
  • Why are all atoms neutral?
    Because protons equal electrons
  • How many protons does O2- have?
    Eight protons
  • What defines an ion?
    Different number of electrons and protons
  • What is the charge of the O2- ion?
    Minus two charge
  • What is the charge of sodium ion (Na+)?
    Plus one charge
  • How many electrons does O2- have?
    Ten electrons
  • How many protons does sodium have?
    Eleven protons
  • How many electrons does Na+ have?
    Ten electrons
  • What are isotopes?
    Same protons, different neutrons
  • What are the three isotopes of carbon mentioned?
    Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14
  • How do isotopes chemically react?
    They react the same due to electrons
  • Who proposed the first atomic model in 1803?
    John Dalton
  • What did JJ Thompson discover about the atom?
    It is not solid and contains particles
  • What is the plum pudding model?
    Positive pudding with negative electrons
  • What did Rutherford discover about the nucleus?
    It is very small and contains positive charges
  • What experiment did Rutherford use to prove his model?
    The gold leaf experiment
  • What did Neil's Bohr propose about electron arrangement?
    Electrons exist in fixed energy levels
  • What happens when electrons move between shells?
    They emit radiation when returning to lower levels
  • What is the modern atomic model based on?
    Existence of shells and subshells
  • What is the first step in mass spectrometry?
    Vaporization of the sample
  • What is the purpose of ionization in mass spectrometry?
    To create a gaseous positively charged sample
  • How is the sample accelerated in mass spectrometry?
    By negatively charged plates or electric field
  • What happens during the ion drift stage?
    Particles travel at constant speed and kinetic energy
  • What is detected at the end of the mass spectrometry process?
    Electrical current when particles hit the plate
  • What is relative atomic mass?
    Average mass of an atom compared to carbon-12
  • What is relative molecular mass?
    Average mass of a molecule compared to carbon-12
  • What is relative isotopic mass?
    Mass of an isotope compared to carbon-12
  • What does the mass charge ratio represent in mass spectra?
    Mass of isotope divided by charge
  • What does the abundance in mass spectra indicate?
    Relative amount of isotopes present
  • What must the total abundance of isotopes equal?
    100%
  • What happens to the mass-to-charge ratio if two electrons are knocked off an isotope?
    It becomes half as much
  • What does the symbol Z represent in isotopes?
    It stands for charge
  • How is abundance typically represented in isotopes?
    As a percentage or nominal value