Ainsworth strange situation

• What are the variations in how young children interact with their mothers?

  Some are independent, others are clingy
• What is the focus of Mary Ainsworth's research?

  To categorize early attachment styles in infants
• What technique did Ainsworth develop to assess attachment?

  The Strange Situation
• What did Ainsworth's research find about attachment styles across cultures?

  Similarities and differences in attachment styles
• What behaviors indicate the strength of an infant's attachment to their caregiver?

  Closeness, anxiety around strangers, distress on separation
• What does using the mother as a secure base mean?

  Infants return to their mother for reassurance
• What is one behavior indicating attachment in infants?

  Demonstrating anxiety around strangers
• How do infants with insecure avoidant attachment behave?

  They show detachment and limited stranger anxiety
• What is the typical reaction of insecure avoidant infants upon reunion with their mother?

  Indifferent reaction
• What does Ainsworth suggest about mothers of insecure avoidant infants?

  They show less responsiveness to their children's needs
• How do infants with secure attachment behave in the Strange Situation?

  They explore confidently but return to mother
• What is the reaction of secure infants when their mother leaves?

  They show distress but recover quickly
• What characterizes insecure resistant infants in the Strange Situation?

  They are clingy and show high anxiety
• How do insecure resistant infants behave upon reunion with their mother?

  They show ambivalent behavior, seeking and resisting contact
• What does Ainsworth's Strange Situation assess?

  Infant and mother's responses in various stages
• What is the first stage of the Strange Situation?

  Mother and infant enter a room with toys
• What is assessed when a stranger enters the room in the Strange Situation?

  Infant's stranger anxiety
• What is observed when the mother leaves the room?

  Infant's separation anxiety
• What is observed when the mother returns after separation?

  Infant's reunion behavior
• What is the final stage of the Strange Situation?

  Mother returns and reunion behavior is observed
• What are the three primary attachment styles identified by Ainsworth?

  Secure, insecure avoidant, insecure resistant
• What percentage of infants were securely attached in Ainsworth's study?

  Approximately 66%
• What percentage of infants were insecure avoidant in Ainsworth's study?

  About 22%
• What percentage of infants were insecure resistant in Ainsworth's study?

  About 12%
• What does Ainsworth's research suggest about maternal sensitivity?

  It shapes attachment types in infants
• What is a strength of the Strange Situation as a structured observation?

  It allows for replication and comparison of findings
• What is a positive outcome associated with secure attachment?

  Positive social, emotional, and academic outcomes
• What is a criticism of the Strange Situation regarding cultural bias?

  It may not apply to all cultural contexts
• What does the term "imposed etic" refer to?

  Applying one culture's norms to all cultures
• What is a limitation of the controlled setting of the Strange Situation?

  It may not reflect real home environments
• What alternative perspective challenges Ainsworth's conclusions?

  Kagan's view on biological temperament
• What did Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg's meta-analysis find about secure attachment?

  It was the most prevalent type across cultures
• What cultural trend was observed regarding avoidant attachment?

  More frequent in individualistic Western cultures
• What was a significant finding about variations within countries in Van Ijzendoorn's study?

  Variations within countries were larger than between countries
• What was the percentage of secure attachment in China according to Van Ijzendoorn's findings?

  50%
• What was the percentage of secure attachment in the UK according to Van Ijzendoorn's findings?

  75%
• What does the dominance of secure attachment suggest about parenting?

  It may be rooted in biological preferences
• What is a limitation of Van Ijzendoorn's meta-analysis regarding sample size?

  Some countries had only one study represented
• What is a significant advantage of Van Ijzendoorn's large sample size?

  It dilutes the impact of poorly conducted studies
• What is a criticism of the assumption that attachment styles apply globally?

  It risks cultural bias in interpretation