SOLUTIONS – Are homogenous mixtures of one or more solutes dispersed in a dissolving medium (solvent).
WATER
• Used mainly as a vehicle and as a solvent for the desired flavoring or medicinal ingredients.
AROMATIC WATER (MEDICATED WATER)
• Clear saturated aqueous solutions of volatile oils used mainly as flavored or perfumed vehicles.
AQUEOUS ACIDS
• Inorganic acids and certain acids of minor significance as therapeutic agents but are of greater importance in chemical and pharmaceutical manufacturing.
• Sulfuric acid. Hydrochloric acid
DOUCHES
• Aqueous solutions directed against a part or into a cavity of the body. They function as a cleansing agent or antiseptic agent.
• Betadine
ENEMAS
• Can be retention or evacuation enemas. Evacuation enemas are rectal preparations employed to evacuate the bowel. Retention enemas influences the general system by absorption or to affect locally the seat of disease.
• Fleet
GARGLES
• Aqueous solutions used for treating the nasopharynx by forcing air from the lungs through gargle which is held in the throat.
• Thick liquid preparation somewhat allied to the syrup and used as a base instead of syrup.
MUCILAGES
• Thick, viscid, adhesive liquids produced by dispersing gum in water or by extracting with water the mucilaginous principles from vegetable substances. NO LONGER AVAILABLE.
JELLIES
• Class of gel in which the structural coherent matrix contains a high proportion of liquid, usually water. They are used a lubricant for surgical gloves, catheters, and rectal thermometer.
• Petroleum jelly, K-Y
COLLODION
• Contains pyroxylin in the mixture of ethyl ether and ethanol. They are applied to the skin by a soft brush applicator & when the ether & ethanol have evaporated, they leave a film of pyroxylin on the surface.
• Duofilm Solution
EXILIRS
• Clear, pleasantly flavored sweetened hydroalcoholic liquids intended for oral use. They are used as flavors and vehicles.
• Digoxin
GLYCERIN or GLYCERITES
• Solution or mixture of medicinal substances in not less than 50% by weight of glycerin.
• Inhalations are drugs administered by the nasal or oral respiratory route for local or systematic effect.
• Nebulizers are used for the administration of inhalation.
LINIMENTS
• Solutions or mixtures of various substances in oil, alcoholic solution of soap or emulsion. They are intended for external application. They are applied by being rubbed on the affected area.
• Fish liver oils diluted with edible vegetable oil or solution of volatile substances of the indicated vitamins in vitamins concentrates (Vit. A & D) in fish liver oil.
• Seven Seas
SPIRITS (ESSENCE)
• Are alcoholic hydro-alcohol solution of volatile substance used medicinally as inhalation or as flavoring agent.
• Aromatic Ammonia
TOOTHACHE DROPS
• Preparation used for temporary relief of toothache by application of cotton saturated with the product into the tooth cavity.
EXTRACTS
• Concentrated preparation of vegetable or animal drug obtained by removal of the active constituents of the respective drugs with suitable menstruum, evaporation of all or nearly all of the solvent and adjustment of the residual masses or powders to the prescribed standard.
• Fo-Ti
TINTURES
• Are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solution of chemical or soluble constituents of vegetable drugs.
• HemPd
FLUIDECTRACTS
• Liquid preparation of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative or both, so made that each mL contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 gram of standard drug that it represents.
• Cannabis Indica
FLUIDECTRACTS
• Liquid preparation of vegetable drugs containing alcohol as a solvent or as a preservative or both, so made that each mL contains the therapeutic constituents of 1 gram of standard drug that it represents.
• Cannabis Indica
SUSPENSION (SOLID TO LIQUID)
• Dispersion of finely divide solid particles of a drug in a liquid medium in which the drug is not readily soluble.
• Amoxicillin (Amoxil)
EMULSION (LIQUID TO LIQUID)
• Thermodynamically unstable system that consist of two immiscible liquid phases—dispersed as globules (dispersed phase) and a liquid phase (continuous phase) — that are stabilized by the presence of an emulsifying agent.
• Scott’s Emulsion
AEROSOLS (LIQUID/SOLID TO GAS)
• Are pressurized dosage forms that upon actuation emit a fine dispersion of liquid and/or solid materials containing one or more active ingredients in a gaseous medium.