The Menstrual Cycle

• What is the menstrual cycle?

  A regular monthly period of hormone changes
• How long does the menstrual cycle typically last?

  Around 28 days
• What is the process of ovulation?

  Release of a mature egg from the ovary
• What is the endometrium?

  Lining of the uterus
• What is the main event during the luteal phase (days 15-28)?

  The follicle turns into corpus luteum
• What occurs during the follicular phase (days 6-14)?

  The egg follicle develops
• What are the days of the follicular phase?

  Days 6-14
• How does progesterone affect the endometrium during the luteal phase?

  It thickens the endometrium for pregnancy
• What are the key differences between the follicular and luteal phases?

  • Follicular Phase:
  • Days 6-14
  • Estrogen rises, FSH low
  • Egg follicle grows, endometrium thickens

  
  

  • Luteal Phase:
  • Days 15-28
  • Progesterone dominant
  • Follicle becomes corpus luteum, endometrium thickens for pregnancy
• What are the main physiological processes involved in the menstrual cycle?

  • Hormonal Regulation
  • Ovarian Changes
  • Uterine Lining preparation
• What role does progesterone (PG) play after ovulation?

  It builds up the endometrium for pregnancy
• What happens to the endometrium during menstruation?

  It breaks down and sheds
• How long does menstruation last?

  Days 1-5
• What is the significance of the vertical line at day 14?

  It marks the transition between phases and ovulation
• When does the menstrual cycle start again?

  With day 1 (menstruation)
• When does ovulation typically occur in the menstrual cycle?

  Usually around day 14 of the cycle
• What happens to the endometrium during the luteal phase?

  It continues to thicken until ready for implantation
• Why is adequate sleep important for the menstrual cycle?

  It is important for hormone regulation
• What can insufficient sleep cause regarding menstrual periods?

  It can cause irregular periods
• What occurs during the follicular phase?

  The egg follicle grows, estrogen rises
• How does FSH behave throughout the menstrual cycle?

  It maintains a steady, low level
• What can high stress lead to in terms of ovulation?

  It can delay ovulation
• What causes the surge in luteinizing hormone (LH)?

  Increasing estrogen in the follicular phase
• Why is ovulation significant in the menstrual cycle?

  It's the only time pregnancy can occur
• What happens to the egg during ovulation?

  The egg is available to be fertilized by sperm
• What are the factors influencing the menstrual cycle?

  • Stress
  • Nutrition
  • Physical Activity
  • Sleep and Rest
  • Genetics
• What are the three main phases of the menstrual cycle?

  Menstruation, Follicular phase, Luteal phase
• What happens during menstruation (days 1-5)?

  The womb lining breaks down
• What is the menstrual cycle?

  A series of physiological processes
• What does LH stand for?

  Luteinizing Hormone
• What treatments are available for amenorrhea?

  Hormone therapy, lifestyle changes
• What is the effect of rising estrogen during the follicular phase?

  It leads to thickening of the endometrium
• What is the definition of PCOS?

  Hormonal imbalance leading to irregular periods
• What are the cyclical changes in the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?

  • Menstruation (Days 1-5): Breaks down and sheds
  • Follicular Phase (Days 6-14): Grows thicker with more blood vessels
  • Luteal Phase (Days 15-28): Continues to thicken, ready for implantation
• On which day does ovulation typically occur?

  Day 14
• What are the symptoms of endometriosis?

  Pelvic pain, heavy bleeding
• What is the role of LH in the menstrual cycle?

  It triggers ovulation, releasing a mature egg
• What are the key phases and their durations in the menstrual cycle?

  • Menstruation: days 1-5 (womb lining breaks down)
  • Follicular phase: days 6-14 (egg follicle develops)
  • Luteal phase: days 15-28 (follicle turns into corpus luteum)
• How do FSH and LH work together in the menstrual cycle?

  • FSH stimulates growth of egg follicles
  • LH triggers ovulation of a mature egg
  • Together, they ensure regular egg release
  • They maintain the balance of the menstrual cycle
• What does FSH stand for?

  Follicle Stimulating Hormone