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Biology A level
Nutrient cycles
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Created by
Lara King
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Cards (28)
Why must nutrients be recycled in nutrient cycles?
There are limited
availability
of nutrients
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In the phosphorus cycle, what compounds do plants create using phosphate?
DNA
or
ATP
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How does phosphate enter the soil in the phosphorus cycle?
From the phosphate in
rocks
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Over long periods, where does some phosphate from the soil eventually end up?
In new
rocks
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What is the relationship between roots and fungi called?
Mycorrhizae
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How does mycorrhizae benefit plants?
Enables
uptake
of more water and ions
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How do animals obtain phosphate?
By eating
plants
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Which organisms break down animal and plant wastes, releasing phosphate back into the soil?
Saprobionts
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What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas into?
Ammonia
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What happens to ammonia after it is produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Converted into
ammonium ions
in the soil
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What do nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium ions into?
Nitrite
and then
nitrate
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What do plants use nitrate for after absorbing it from the soil?
To form
nitrogen
containing compounds
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How do animals gain nitrogen-containing compounds?
By eating the
plants
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What type of organisms break down dead material and waste products into ammonia?
Saprobionts
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What is the process of converting ammonia into ammonium ions called?
Ammonification
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What is the role of denitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?
Convert
nitrates
into
nitrogen gas
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What environmental issue can fertilizers cause?
Eutrophication
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Why are fertilizers used in agriculture?
To replace
nutrients
lost due to
harvesting
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What is the process by which excess fertilizers leave fields and enter nearby bodies of water?
Leaching
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What is the direct effect of excess fertilizers leaching into bodies of water?
Algae
grow rapidly
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What is the rapid growth of algae due to excess nutrients called?
Algal bloom
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Why do aquatic plants die during eutrophication?
Algae
block light
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Why do saprobionts increase in number during eutrophication?
They
feed
on
dead
algae
and
plants
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How do saprobionts cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen in water?
They respire
aerobically
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What is the ultimate consequence of decreased oxygen levels in eutrophic waters?
Aerobic
organisms die
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Name a type of nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
Free-living
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What happens to phosphate in bodies of water?
Reforms into new
rocks
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What are the two types of fertilizers?
Natural
and
artificial
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