Nutrient cycles

Cards (28)

  • Why must nutrients be recycled in nutrient cycles?
    There are limited availability of nutrients
  • In the phosphorus cycle, what compounds do plants create using phosphate?
    DNA or ATP
  • How does phosphate enter the soil in the phosphorus cycle?
    From the phosphate in rocks
  • Over long periods, where does some phosphate from the soil eventually end up?
    In new rocks
  • What is the relationship between roots and fungi called?
    Mycorrhizae
  • How does mycorrhizae benefit plants?
    Enables uptake of more water and ions
  • How do animals obtain phosphate?
    By eating plants
  • Which organisms break down animal and plant wastes, releasing phosphate back into the soil?
    Saprobionts
  • What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas into?
    Ammonia
  • What happens to ammonia after it is produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
    Converted into ammonium ions in the soil
  • What do nitrifying bacteria convert ammonium ions into?
    Nitrite and then nitrate
  • What do plants use nitrate for after absorbing it from the soil?
    To form nitrogen containing compounds
  • How do animals gain nitrogen-containing compounds?
    By eating the plants
  • What type of organisms break down dead material and waste products into ammonia?
    Saprobionts
  • What is the process of converting ammonia into ammonium ions called?
    Ammonification
  • What is the role of denitrifying bacteria in the nitrogen cycle?
    Convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
  • What environmental issue can fertilizers cause?
    Eutrophication
  • Why are fertilizers used in agriculture?
    To replace nutrients lost due to harvesting
  • What is the process by which excess fertilizers leave fields and enter nearby bodies of water?
    Leaching
  • What is the direct effect of excess fertilizers leaching into bodies of water?
    Algae grow rapidly
  • What is the rapid growth of algae due to excess nutrients called?
    Algal bloom
  • Why do aquatic plants die during eutrophication?
    Algae block light
  • Why do saprobionts increase in number during eutrophication?
    They feed on dead algae and plants
  • How do saprobionts cause a decrease in dissolved oxygen in water?
    They respire aerobically
  • What is the ultimate consequence of decreased oxygen levels in eutrophic waters?
    Aerobic organisms die
  • Name a type of nitrogen-fixing bacteria?
    Free-living
  • What happens to phosphate in bodies of water?
    Reforms into new rocks
  • What are the two types of fertilizers?
    Natural and artificial