Group 2

• How does the atomic radius change as you move down Group 2?

  Atomic radius increases
• Why does the atomic radius increase down Group 2?

  Each element has one more full electron shell
• What happens to the first ionisation energy as you go down Group 2?

  First ionisation energy decreases
• Why does the first ionisation energy decrease down Group 2?

  Increase in distance and shielding
• How do melting points generally change as you descend Group 2?

  Melting points generally decrease
• Why do melting points generally decrease down Group 2?

  Metallic bonding gets weaker as elements get larger
• Which Group 2 element has the lowest melting point?

  Magnesium
• What compounds are heated together to form $TiCl_4$?


  Titanium oxide, chlorine, and carbon
• What is $TiCl_4$ reduced by in the extraction of titanium?


  Magnesium
• Why is carbon not used to extract titanium?

  It forms brittle TiC
• Why is TiC unsuitable as a building material?

  It is brittle
• What gas is produced when burning fossil fuels?

  $SO_2$
• What does $SO_2$ react with in the atmosphere to form acid rain?


  Oxygen and water
• What type of compounds can remove sulfur dioxide from the atmosphere?

  Calcium compounds
• What do Group 2 metals produce when they react with water?

  Hydroxides
• How does the reaction speed of Group 2 metals with water change down the group?

  The speed increases
• Which Group 2 element does not react with water?

  Beryllium
• How does magnesium react with water at room temperature?

  Reacts slightly
• How does magnesium react with steam?

  Reacts rapidly
• How does the solubility of Group 2 hydroxides change down the group?

  Solubility increases
• What is observed when magnesium hydroxide is formed?

  A white precipitate
• Why is magnesium hydroxide used to cure heartburn?

  Neutralizes stomach pH without damaging organs
• Why doesn't magnesium hydroxide damage organs when curing heartburn?

  Its solubility is low
• What is calcium hydroxide also known as?

  Slaked lime
• What do farmers use calcium hydroxide for?

  Neutralize acidic soil
• How does the solubility of Group 2 sulfates change as you go down the group?

  Solubility decreases
• Which Group 2 sulfate is almost insoluble in water?

  Barium sulfate
• Why is barium sulfate used in X-rays of the digestive system?

  Absorbs X-rays but is safe to eat
• Why is barium sulfate safe to ingest for X-rays despite barium being toxic?

  It is insoluble
• What is observed when sulfate ions react with barium ions?

  A white precipitate
• Why are acids added before testing for sulfate ions?

  To remove carbonate ions
• Why must carbonate ions be removed before testing for sulfate ions?

  They also form a white precipitate with barium