week 6

• What does the Central Nervous System consist of?

  Brain and spinal cord
• What is the relevance of the categories of nervous systems?

  They define different functional systems in the body
• What are the three separate nervous systems?

  1. Central nervous system (CNS)
  2. Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
  3. Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
• What does the Peripheral Nervous System include?

  Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and branches
• What is the function of the Autonomic Nervous System?

  Regulates unconscious body processes
• What are the two types of neural tissue?

  Neuroglia and neurones
• What is the role of Neuroglia?

  Support, protection, and aid conduction
• What are the three specialized types of neurons?

  Sensory, motor, and inter-neurons
• What do sensory neurons do?

  Send afferent information to the CNS
• What is the function of motor neurons?

  Stimulate muscles and some glands
• What do inter-neurons connect?

  Neurons to other neurons in the CNS
• What is the soma of a neuron?

  The cell body of the neuron
• What is the function of the axon?

  Transmits information from the neuron
• What is the myelin sheath made of?

  Schwann cells in PNS and oligodendrocytes in CNS
• What are the Nodes of Ranvier important for?

  Propagation of the nerve impulse
• What are the differences between white and grey matter?

  • White matter: Bundles of myelinated axons
  • Grey matter: Masses of cell bodies and dendrites
  • In the brain: Grey matter is outermost
  • In the spinal cord: Grey matter is innermost
• What are the three layers of the meninges?

  Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
• What fills the space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater?

  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
• What are the main functions of the cerebrum?

  • Intelligence
  • Motor function
  • Speech
  • Personality and intellect
• What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

  Frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
• What does the basal nuclei regulate?

  Movements, muscle tone, cognition, and behavior
• Where is the cerebellum located?

  Inferior to the posterior portion of the cerebrum
• What is the function of the cerebellum?

  Coordination of skilled movements and balance
• What are the main components of the brainstem?

  • Medulla oblongata
  • Pons
  • Midbrain
• What vital functions does the medulla oblongata control?

  Cardiovascular and respiratory functions
• What is the role of the pons?

  Connects different parts of the brain
• What does the midbrain assist with?

  Vision and hearing
• What is the significance of myelination in the nervous system?

  • Increases speed of nerve impulse transmission
  • Essential for proper neural function
  • Development continues into adulthood
• What is the conus of the spinal cord?

  Shaped like a cone at lumbar level L2/3
• What is the function of the filum terminale?

  Provides anchoring and stability to the spinal cord
• What are the developmental changes in grey and white matter?

  • Myelination occurs over time
  • Patterns differ in neonates and infants
  • Full myelination extends into adulthood
• What is cortical dysplasia?

  A developmental brain disorder
• What is periventricular leukomalacia (PVL)?

  A type of brain injury affecting white matter
• What is the Arnold Chiari malformation?

  A condition where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal