Causation

• What does the case of Pagett state?

  Chain of causation can be broken by a third party (e.g. police firing back when shot at)
• What test is used to show if victim's own actions were foreseeable and proportionate

  Daftness test
• What cases demonstrate victim's own actions were not foreseeable?

  Williams
• What case shows V's suicide after GBH did not break the chain of causation?

  Wallace
• What case showed the V voluntarily injecting drugs that were provided to them, which DID break the chain of causation?

  Kennedy no2
• What does the case of Cheshire state?

  For medical intervention to break the chain, it must be independent of D's acts and 'in itself potent in causing the result' as to 'render D's conduct insignificant'