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Sports Studies paper 1 and 2
Fitness and Body Systems
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Farouk Adeleke
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Cards (51)
Give an example and the range of movement in the pivot joint
Axis
and
atlas
Responsible for
rotation
Give an example and range of movement at Hinge joint
Knee
/
elbow
and
ankle
responsible for flexion/extension
Give an example and range of movement at ball and socket joint.
Hip and
shoulders
Abduction-adduction
Give an example of condyloid joints
Carpals
,
tarsals
and
wrists
give an example and function of long bone
Long bones provide
leverage
for
movement
E.g ,
femur
Give an example and function of short bone
short bones offer
stability
E.g,
carpals
and
tarsals
What are examples and functions of irregular bones?
They offer
protection
and
support
E.g,
vertebrae
and
pelvis
give 2 examples and a function of flat bones
They
protect
vital
organs
E.g,
Cranium
protects
skull
Ribcage
protects
lungs
Whats a cardiac muscle?
A muscle
found
in the
wall
of the
heart
When a weightlifter performs a bicep curl at the gym which muscle is the
agonist
and which muscle the
antagonist?
Agonist:
Biceps
Antagonist:
Triceps
At which joint does the bicep contract?
Elbow
Which muscle is the
antagonistic
pair to the latissimus dorsi and what 2 movements occur
Obliques
Movements:
abduction
and
adduction
what 2 movement occur between the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius and at which joint?
Dorsiflexion
and
plantarflexion
at the
ankle joint
.
What 2 movements occur between the quadriceps and hamstring and at which joint?
Flexion
and
extension
at the
knee
Why are tendons important to athletes? Provide sporting example
They attach muscle to
bone
This helps the
movement
of
skeleton
throughout a game.
when a
footballer
is
booting
the
ball
the
quadriceps
extends
and the
hamstring
flexes
at the
knee.
What is the difference between fast twitch muscle fibre (type IIa) and fast twitch muscle fibres (Type IIx)
Type IIa muscle fibres contain anaerobic and
some
aerobic properties. They are
more
resistant
to
Fatigue
Type IIx muscle fibres are
fully
anaerobic.
they are
faster
and
more
poweful than IIa fibres . they are
less
resistant
to
fatigue
Give sports that use type IIx muscle fibres
100m
sprint
,
high
jump
Give sports that use type IIa muscle fibres
Football
,
basketball
,
rugby
First class lever occurs in which movement of what sport?
Raising
your
head
to head a
football
State the Fulcrum , load and effort of first class lever.
Fulcrum: found in
neck
when headering the ball
Effort:
neck
muscles
contracting
Load :
weight
of head
The second class lever occurs in what movement of what sport ?
getting
ankle
in position for takeoff during
long jump
State the fulcrum, load and effort of second class lever?
Fulcrum : bottom of foot
Load:
bodyweight
Effort :
force
produced at
gastrocnemius
Third class lever occurs in what movement of what sport?
Bicep curl
during resistance training
State the fulcrum , load and effort of third class lever
Elbow
joint
is the
fulcrum
bicep
contraction
is the
effort
weight
of
forearm
is the
load
whats the purpose of a warm up during pre exercise?
To increase
elasticity
of the muscles to
prevent
injury
What is the purpose of a cool down post exercise?
To
repay
oxygen
debt
State the purpose and sports example of Stimulants for athletes?
Purpose: Increase
alertness
and reduce
fatigue
. Example:
swimming
state the 2 purposes and sports example of diuretics
.used so athletes fully
excrete
unwanted
nutrients
for quicker
weight
loss
. Also used to
mask
appearance
of other
PEDs
used by
boxers
state a risk of using diuretics
Dehydration
state the benefits and sports example of an athlete using EPOs (blood doping)
More oxygen transported to working
muscles
reducing
fatigue
E.g,
cycling
and marathon running
State the benefits narcotic analgesics provide athletes and sports examples
painkillers
used to
block
pain
signals from reaching
nervous
system.
e.g,
boxing
and
rugby
What is a risk of an athlete using narcotic analgesics?
Increased
trauma
State the purpose and sports example of beta blockers
prevents adrenaline and
lowers
heart rate to calm
athlete
diving
snooker
at which part of the respiratory system does gas exchange occur?
Alveoli
What is inspired and what is expired during aerobic respiration?
Inspired:
Oxygen
Expired:
Carbon dioxide
What is a by product of respiration?
Carbon
dioxide
What toxic chemical is produced by the body after high-intensity exercise?
Lactic acid
state 2 short term effects exercise has on the respiratory system
increased
breathing
rate
Increased
tidal volume
State 2 short term effect exercise has on the cardiovascular system
Increased heart rate
Increased cardiac output
What is the stroke volume?
Volume
of
blood
the
heart
pumps per
beat
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