RT URI

• Antidiuretic

  A hormone released from the pituitary gland that cause reabsorption of water in the kidneys, thus concentrating the urine
• Angiotensin

  A substance that increases blood pressure; activated in the blood by renin, an enzyme produced by the kidneys
• Calyx

  A cuplike cavity in the pelvis of the kidney; also calix
• Erythropoietin EPO

  A hormone produced by kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow
• Glomerular capsule

  Cup-shaped structure at the beginning of the nephron that surrounds the glomerulus and receives material filtered out of the blood
• Glomerular filtrate

   the fluid and dissolved materials that filter out of the blood and enter the nephron at the bowman capsule
• Kidney

  An organ of excretion; the 2 kidneys filter the blood and form urine, which contains the waste products of metabolism and the other substance as needed to regulate the water and electrolyte balance and the pH of the body fluids
•  Micturition

  The voiding of urine; urination
• Nephron

  A microscopic functional unit of the kidney; working with blood vessels, the nephron filters the blood and balances the composition of urine
• Renal cortex

  The outer portion of the kidney
• Renal medulla

  The inner portion of the kidney; contains portions of the nephrons and tubules that transport urine toward the renal pelvis
• Renal pelvis

  The expanded upper end of the ureter that receives urine from the kidney
• Renal pyramid

  A triangular structure in the medulla of the kidney composed of the loops and collecting and collecting tubules of the nephrons
• Renin

  An enzyme produced by the kidney that activates angiotensin in the blood
• Tubular reabsorption

  The rectum of substances from the glomerular filtrate to the blood through the peritubular capillaries
• Urea

  The main nitrogenous waste product in the urine
• Ureter

  The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
• Urethra

  The tube that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder to the outside of the body
• Urinary bladder

  The organ that stores and eliminates the urine excreted by the kidney
• Urination

  The voiding of urine; micturition
• Urine

  The fluid excreted by the kidneys. It comes of the water, electrolytes, urea, other metabolic wastes and pigment. A variety of other substances may appear in urine in cases of disease
• Acidosis

  Excessive acidity of body fluids
• Bacteriuria

  Pressure of bacteria in the urine
• Cast

  A solid mold of a renal tubule found in the urine
• Cystitis

  Inflammation of the urinary bladder, usually as a result of infection
• Dysuria

  Painful/difficult urination
• Glomerulonephritis

   inflammation of kidney primary involving the glomeruli. The acute form usually occurs after an infection elsewhere in the body; the chronic form varies in cause and usually leads to renal failure.
• Hematuria

  Pressure of blood in the urine
• Hydronephrosis

  Collection of urine in the renal pelvis caused by obstruction; causes distention and atrophy of renal tissue. Also called nephrohydrosis/nephrohrydrosis
• Hyperkalemia

  Excess amount of potassium in the blood
• Oliguria

  Elimination of small amounts of urine
• Proteinuria

  Presence of protein, mainly albumin, in the urine
• Pyelonephritis

  Inflammation of the renal pelvis and kidney, usually as result of infection
• Pyuria

  Presence of pus in the urine
• Renal colic

  Radiating pain in the region of the kidney associated with the passage of a stone
• Uremia

  Presence in the blood of toxic levels of nitrogen-containing substances, mainly urea, as a result of renal insufficiency
• Urethritis

  Inflammation of the urethra, usually as a result of infection 
• Urinary stasis

   stoppage or stagnation of the flow urine
• Catheterization Introduction of a tube into a passage, such as through the urethra into the bladder for withdrawal
• Cystoscope An instrument for examining the inside of the urinary bladder, also used for removing foreign objects, for surgery, and for other forms of treatment