Unit One Biology

• All organisms acquire and use energy
• all organisms produce waste
• all organisms reproduce, grow, and develop
• all organisms respond to stimuli
• all organisms evolve
• all organisms follow tenets of the cell theory
• all organisms maintain homeostasis, organization, and boundaries
• Domain Bacteria:

  • cell wall typically composed of peptidoglycan
  • membrane based on fatty acids
• Domain Bacteria:

  • cell walls composed of molecules other than peptodoglycan
  • membrane based on non-fatty acid lipids
• Prokaryotes:

  • Domain Bacteria
  • Domain Archaea
• Domain Eukarya:

  • animals
  • fungi
  • plants
  • protista
• Biological Species: A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
• Prezygotic Reproductive Barriers: prevents fertilization
• Postzygotic Reproductive Barriers: reduces the fitness of offspring produces by members of two different species
• Prezygotic Barriers:

  • Habitat Isolation- different environments
  • Temporal Isolation- active/fertile at different times
  • Behavioral Isolation- different courtship activities
  • Mechanical Isolation- mating origins/pollinators incomplete
  • Gametic Isolation- gametes cannot unite
• Post-Zygotic Barriers:

  • hybrid inviability: offspring can't reach maturity
  • hybrid breakdown: offspring has reduced fitness
• Allopatric Speciation: no contact between populations, geographic isolation
• Parapatric Speciation: populations share a border area but are not physically separated
• Sympatric Speciation: continuous contact between populations