Energy Forms and Transformation

• Energy


  The ability to move or change matter in some other way

  The ability to do work

  
• Potential energy


  Energy that is stored based on position or chemical composition

  
• What type of potential energy is someone making a cheese stretch?

  Chemical potential energy

  
• If someone pulls a slingshot/rubber band, what type of potential energy is that?

  Elastic potential energy

  
• If someone is at the top of a diving board, what type of potential energy is that?

  Gravitational potential energy

  
• Kinetic energy


  Energy due to motion. Depends on the mass and velocity of the object.

  
• Mass


  The amount of matter in an object

  
• Velocity


  the speed of something in a given direction

  
• Radiant (Light) energy


  energy that travels by electromagnetic waves

  • e.g. sunlight, x-rays, fluorescent light

  
• Mechanical energy



  energy of an object due to its position and motion

  • e.g. swinging a bat, car driving

  
• Chemical energy


  energy that is stored in the bonds of compounds

  • e.g. food, anything flammable, batteries

  
• Electrical energy


  energy due to moving electrons (as a current)

  • e.g. static (shocks), lightning, electricity to run appliances

  
• Nuclear energy


  energy released during 🖖 fission (splitting) or ✋ fusion ("fusing")

  • e.g. power plants (fission), stars (fusion)

  
• Thermal energy


  energy due to the kinetic movement of molecules

  • e.g. hot stove, warm cup of tea, heat from a fire

  
• Energy transformations


  the change of one form of energy to another

  
• No energy can be lost or created according to the Law of Conservation [of Energy]

  

• The formula to calculate kinetic energy is mass (m) times velocity squared (v²) divided by 2, making KE = mv²/2

• The formula to calculate potential energy is mass (m) times gravity acceleration (g is 9.8 m/s²) times height (h), making PE = mgh
• How can you remember the types of energy?

  MRCENT