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    Cards (77)

    • What concept does the development of living organisms on Earth over time rely on?
      Genetic variation or changes
    • How can evolution be defined in terms of genetics?
      Change in allele or genotype frequencies
    • What is microevolution?
      Change in allele frequencies in a population
    • What is macroevolution?
      Evolution of taxa above the species level
    • What does macroevolution involve?
      Higher level changes like new species generation
    • Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
      Mutations
    • Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
      Changes in chromosome structure
    • Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
      Changes in chromosome number
    • Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
      Genetic recombination
    • What is a mutation?
      A DNA change in nucleotide sequence
    • What can mutations change in an organism?
      All aspects of its life
    • What is one external cause of mutations?
      Exposure to specific chemicals
    • What is one external cause of mutations?
      Exposure to radiation
    • What happens to DNA when exposed to chemicals or radiation?
      The DNA breaks down
    • What is one internal cause of mutations?
      DNA fails to replicate accurately
    • When do most natural mutations occur?
      When a cell divides
    • What does a cell do when it makes an incorrect copy of DNA?
      It produces a mutant copy
    • What is a point mutation?
      Change in one or more nucleotide bases
    • What occurs during a substitution mutation?
      Bases are exchanged for other bases
    • What occurs during a deletion mutation?
      A section of DNA is lost
    • What happens during an insertion mutation?
      A section of DNA is added
    • What are changes in chromosome structure?
      Deletion, Duplication, Inversion, Translocation
    • What happens during chromosomal deletion?
      Part of a chromosome is missed
    • What can cause a chromosomal deletion?
      Heat, radiation, viruses and chemicals
    • What is chromosomal duplication?
      Doubling of chromosomal segments
    • Where does chromosomal duplication occur?
      In more locations
    • What are the types of duplication?
      Tandem and reverse tandem
    • What characterizes tandem duplications?
      Duplicated segments are adjacent
    • What characterizes reverse tandem duplications?
      Duplications occur in opposite orientation
    • What happens during an inversion?
      Segment is reversed 180 degrees
    • What is translocation?
      Rearrangement between non-homologous chromosomes
    • What causes translocation?
      Change in location of fragments
    • What are the types of translocations?
      Reciprocal and nonreciprocal
    • What is reciprocal translocation?
      Mutual exchange between nonhomologous chromosomes
    • What characterizes nonreciprocal translocation?
      Fragment changes its position on the same chromosome
    • What is an organism with one complete set of chromosomes called?
      Euploid
    • What happens in aneuploidy?
      Chromosomes are lacking or present in excess
    • What is aneuploidy?
      Variation in number of individual chromosomes
    • What are types of Euploidy variations?
      Monoploidy and Polyploidy
    • What causes aneuploidy?
      Non-disjunction during meiosis I or II
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