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Cards (77)
What concept does the development of living organisms on Earth over time rely on?
Genetic variation
or changes
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How can evolution be defined in terms of genetics?
Change in
allele
or
genotype
frequencies
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What is microevolution?
Change in
allele frequencies
in a population
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What is macroevolution?
Evolution of
taxa
above the species level
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What does macroevolution involve?
Higher level changes like
new species
generation
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Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
Mutations
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Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
Changes in
chromosome structure
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Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
Changes in
chromosome
number
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Which of the following is a source of genetic variation?
Genetic recombination
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What is a mutation?
A
DNA
change in
nucleotide
sequence
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What can mutations change in an organism?
All
aspects
of
its
life
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What is one external cause of mutations?
Exposure to specific
chemicals
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What is one external cause of mutations?
Exposure to
radiation
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What happens to DNA when exposed to chemicals or radiation?
The
DNA
breaks
down
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What is one internal cause of mutations?
DNA
fails to replicate accurately
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When do most natural mutations occur?
When a
cell divides
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What does a cell do when it makes an incorrect copy of DNA?
It produces a
mutant
copy
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What is a point mutation?
Change in one or more
nucleotide bases
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What occurs during a substitution mutation?
Bases are exchanged for other
bases
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What occurs during a deletion mutation?
A section of
DNA
is lost
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What happens during an insertion mutation?
A
section
of DNA is added
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What are changes in chromosome structure?
Deletion
,
Duplication
, Inversion,
Translocation
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What happens during chromosomal deletion?
Part of a
chromosome
is missed
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What can cause a chromosomal deletion?
Heat, radiation,
viruses
and chemicals
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What is chromosomal duplication?
Doubling
of
chromosomal
segments
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Where does chromosomal duplication occur?
In more
locations
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What are the types of duplication?
Tandem and
reverse
tandem
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What characterizes tandem duplications?
Duplicated segments are
adjacent
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What characterizes reverse tandem duplications?
Duplications occur in opposite
orientation
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What happens during an inversion?
Segment is reversed 180
degrees
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What is translocation?
Rearrangement between non-homologous
chromosomes
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What causes translocation?
Change in location of
fragments
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What are the types of translocations?
Reciprocal
and
nonreciprocal
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What is reciprocal translocation?
Mutual exchange between
nonhomologous
chromosomes
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What characterizes nonreciprocal translocation?
Fragment changes its position on the same
chromosome
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What is an organism with one complete set of chromosomes called?
Euploid
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What happens in aneuploidy?
Chromosomes
are lacking or present in excess
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What is aneuploidy?
Variation in number of individual
chromosomes
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What are types of Euploidy variations?
Monoploidy
and
Polyploidy
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What causes aneuploidy?
Non-disjunction during
meiosis
I or II
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