Introduction to Philosophy ( 50 items)

• Verbal communication involves the use of words, either written or spoken.
• Intersubjectivity refers to shared meanings constructed by people in their interactions with each other.
• Intersubjectivity is the philosophical concept of the interaction between the “self” and the “other”.
• Intersubjectivity refers to the shared awareness, and understanding among persons.
• The "I - It" relationship is characterized by a sense of detachment and lack of empathy.
• The "I - Thou" relationship is characterized by a sense of closeness and empathy.
• The "I - I" relationship is characterized by mutual understanding and respect.
• Intersubjectivity is made possible by the awareness of the self and the other.
• Jean-Paul Sartre explains that when you look at a person, the act of objectification allows you to capture that person’s freedom to be what he or she wants to be.
• Totalization occurs when one limits the other to a set of rational categories, be they racial, sexual or otherwise.
• Edmund Husserl believes that intersubjectivity is more than just shared understanding, but it is the capability to put oneself in the place where the other is.
• Intersubjectivity occurs when people undergo acts of empathy because an intersubjective experience is highly empathic.
• Empathy is the ability to share emotions, driven by a person’s awareness that the other is a person's thoughts and feelings.
• Empathy enables us to experience another person’s emotions, such as happiness, anger, and sadness.
• Sympathy is “feeling with”, while empathy is “feeling in”.
• Availability is the willingness of a person to be present and be at disposal of another.
• The Ethics of Care is an ethical theory that emphasizes the moral dimension of relationship and interactions.
• Rene Descartes, an advocate of individualism, resolved to doubt absolutely everything that could possibly be doubted -- in the hope of thereby finding something that was beyond doubt.
• The “I” cannot be aware of its uniqueness and existence without encountering the “other.”
• The “I - It” relationship is a type of relationship where people treat the other people into the status of an object — an It.
• Examples of “I - It” relationships include researchers who have indigenous people as their participants, medical practitioners who treat their patients as objects of investigation, and oppressive employers who treat their workers like machines or robots who are immune to physical, verbal, psychological, and emotional abuse.
• Martin Buber, a Jewish philosopher had a great interest in the study of relating ourselves to others.
• Dialogue is an interaction between persons that happens through speech, expressions, and body language.
• Human nature derives us to uphold dignity and goodness, leading to interactions with others that are good and beneficial.
• A dialogue occurs when two persons “open up” to each other and give and receive one another in their encounter.
• The “I - It” relationship results into what we call alienation, a condition when human relationships are inauthentic, deceptive and exploitative.
• The “I - I” relationship is a type of relationship where people make themselves the center of their world, talking to other people does not interest them and if they talk to others, it is the “I” who will be the center of the conversation.
• These interactions strive to achieve deeper and more substantial interactions and relations with other people, which is called dialogue.
• According to Buber, the “I” or yourself, can only be realized through recognition of “others.”
• Dialogue is not confined to words alone, actions, gestures and other expressions may be used to convey a person’s inner life.
• According to Rene Descartes, there is one thing that cannot be doubted, and that is thinking.
• “Seeming” refers to actions where an individual presents himself or herself in a certain way when dealing with others.
• Persons take on “roles” or act out characters when dealing with certain people or when in certain situations.
• There may be instances when people behave a certain way in order to intentionally deceive or manipulate other people.
• Most human interactions, however, are not based on deception.
• In the "I-Thou" relationship, the other is treated as distinctly other, the I treats the person as a Thou (You) — as another person who is different from the I; one has a different set of interests, visions, beliefs, values, and characteristics.
• For Heidegger, all conversations are really one conversation, the subject of which is Being.
• The center of the "I-Thou" relationship is a genuine form of conversation: a dialogue.
• Intersubjectivity is the philosophical concept of the interaction between the “self” and the “other”.
• Authentic dialogue is a form of interpersonal communication which occurs when people recognize that they are part of a greater whole and can relate with others within the whole.