RBC ABNORMALITIES PART 1

• NORMAL RBC’S ARE _, _ IN SHAPE WITH A _ THAT OCCUPIES _ OF THE CELL.

  ROUND

  BI-CONCAVE

  CENTRAL PALLOR

  1/3
• ANY DISTURBANCE OR ANOMALIES IN IT’S SHAPE OR SIZE CAN

  INFLUENCE THEIR

  OXYGEN-CARRYING CAPABILITIES.
• TOGETHER WITH _, _ARE ALSO USED TO MEASURE THE VARIATION OF _.

  MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

  RBC INDICES

  ANOMALIES
• IS THE MEDICAL TERM FOR HAVING RED BLOOD CELLS

  (RBCS) THAT ARE UNEQUAL IN SIZE.

  ANISOCYTOSIS
• ANISOCYTOSIS IS THE MEDICAL TERM FOR HAVING RED BLOOD CELLS (RBCS) THAT ARE UNEQUAL IN

  SIZE
• LARGER THAN NORMAL RBC’S

  MACROCYTOSIS
• SMALLER THAN NORMAL RBC’S

  MICROCYTOSIS
• IS A MEASUREMENT OF ANISOCYTOSIS.

  RED CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW)
• CAUSES OF ANISOCYTOSIS MAY VARY FROM

  HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

  IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA

  MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
• A DIMORPHIC POPULATION OF RBC'S MEANS THAT 2 POPULATIONS OF RBC'S ARE SEEN, AND THE RDW WILL BE _

  >14%
• A DIMORPHIC POPULATION OF RBC'S MEANS THAT _POPULATIONS OF RBC'S ARE SEEN, AND THE RDW WILL BE >14%.

  2
• MEANS THAT 2 POPULATIONS OF RBC'S ARE SEEN, AND THE RDW WILL BE >14%.

  DIMORPHIC POPULATION OF RBC'S
• DIMORPHIC POPULATION OF RBC'S ARE ASSOCIATED

  WITH:

  MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROME

  TRANSFUSION

  VITAMIN B12, FOLATE OR IRON DEFICIENCY
• MEANS THAT THE CENTRAL PALLOR ZONE OF THE RED

  BLOOD CELL IS PALE.

  HYPOCHROMIA
• THIS CENTRAL AREA MUST BE GREATER THAN 1/3RD OF THE DIAMETER OF THE CELL BEFORE IT IS TERMED

  HYPOCHROMIC
• THIS CENTRAL AREA MUST BE _THAN 1/3RD OF THE DIAMETER OF THE CELL BEFORE IT IS TERMED HYPOCHROMIC.

  GREATER
• IS A GAUGE OF HYPOCHROMIA UNLESS ONLY A FEW HYPOCHROMIC CELLS ARE SEEN IN THE SLIDE.

  MCHC
• THE MCHC IS A GAUGE OF HYPOCHROMIA UNLESS ONLY A _

  HYPOCHROMIC CELLS ARE SEEN IN THE SLIDE.


  FEW
• IS A LAVENDER-BLUISH COLOR TO RBC'S DUE TO RNA RETAINED IN LARGER, IMMATURE CELLS (MACROCYTES).

  POLYCHROMASIA
• POLYCHROMASIA IS A _ COLOR

  LAVENDER-BLUISH
• POLYCHROMASIA IS A LAVENDER-BLUISH COLOR TO RBC'S DUE TO _ RETAINED IN LARGER, IMMATURE CELLS (_).


  RNA

  MACROCYTES
• POLYCHROMASIA ARE ASSOCIATED WITH:

  TREATMENT FOR ANEMIA

  HEMOLYSIS

  ACUTE AND CHRONIC HEMORRHAGE

  NEONATES
• IS THE MEDICAL TERM FOR HAVING ABNORMALLY

  SHAPED RED BLOOD CELLS (RBCS) IN YOUR BLOOD.

  POIKILOCYTOSIS
• POIKILOCYTOSIS GENERALLY REFERS TO AN INCREASE IN ABNORMAL SHAPED RED BLOOD CELLS THAT MAKE UP TO _ OR _ OF THE TOTAL RED BLOOD CELLS.

  10%

  MORE
• ABNORMALLY SHAPED BLOOD CELLS ARE CALLED

  POIKILOCYTES
• ARE RED BLOOD CELLS WITH IRREGULAR PROJECTIONS VARYING IN

  WIDTH, LENGTH AND NUMBER.

  ACANTHOCYTES
• ACANTHOCYTES ARE RED BLOOD CELLS WITH IRREGULAR PROJECTIONS VARYING IN

  WIDTH

  LENGTH

  NUMBER.
• ACANTHOCYTES ARE RED BLOOD CELLS WITH_ VARYING IN WIDTH, LENGTH AND NUMBER.

  IRREGULAR PROJECTIONS
• THEY ARE ALSO CALLED "SPUR CELLS" OR "SPIKE CELLS", BECAUSE THEY RESEMBLE SPURS ON COWBOY BOOTS.

  ACANTHOCYTES
• COWBOY BOOTS

  ACANTHOCYTES
• ACANTHOCYTES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING:

  • 3-20 SPICULES WITH NARROW BASES THAT ARE DISTRIBUTED UNEVENLY

  • SPICULES ARE SHARP OR KNOBBY

  • MICROCYTES

  • LACKS CENTRAL PALLOR,WHICH DIFFERENTIATES THEM FROM ECHINOCYTES

  • SEEN IN OLDER BLOOD CELLS OR OLDER SAMPLES

  • FOUND IN POST-SPLENECTOMY STATES VERY COMMONLY

  • ALWAYS ASSOCIATED WITH PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

  • LARGE NUMBERS SEEN IN ABETALIPOPROTEINEMIA OR ADVANCED LIVER

  DISEASE

  • CELL MEMBRANE DAMAGED DUE TO A DECREASE IN MEMBRANE CHOLESTEROL
• ALSO KNOWN AS OVALOCYTES

  ELLIPTOCYTES
• ARE ABNORMALLY SHAPED RED BLOOD CELLS THAT APPEAR OVAL OR ELONGATED, FROM SLIGHTLY EGG-SHAPED TO ROD OR PENCIL FORMS.


  ELLIPTOCYTES
• THEY RESEMBLE CIGARS

  ELLIPTOCYTES
• ELLIPTOCYTES HAVE NORMAL CENTRAL PALLOR WITH THE HEMOGLOBIN APPEARING CONCENTRATED AT THE ENDS OF THE ELONGATED CELLS WHEN VIEWED THROUGH A LIGHT MICROSCOPE.
• ELLIPTOCYTES ALSO KNOWN AS OVALOCYTES, ARE ABNORMALLY SHAPED RED BLOOD CELLS THAT APPEAR OVAL OR ELONGATED, FROM SLIGHTLY _ TO _ OR _.

  EGG-SHAPED

  ROD

  PENCIL FORM
• ELLIPTOCYTES ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THE FOLLOWING:

  • CIGAR-SHAPED ERYTHROCYTES

  • THE ENDS OF THE CELLS ARE BLUNT AND NOT SHARP LIKE SICKLE

  CELLS.

  • A RARE OVALOCYTE/ELLIPTOCYTE (LESS THAN 1%) MAY BE FOUND ON

  ALMOST ANY PERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR. HOWEVER, WHEN THEY

  COMPRISE MORE THAN 25% OF THE RED BLOOD CELLS ON THE

  BLOOD SMEAR, HEREDITARY ELLIPTOCYTOSIS (HE) IS PROBABLE.
• TARGET CELLS OR MEXICAN HAT CELLS.

  CODOCYTES
• THEY RESEMBLE BULL’S-EYE APPEARANCE.

  CODOCYTES
• CODOCYTES WITH A CENTRAL CONCENTRATION OF HEMOGLOBIN SURROUNDED BY A COLORLESS ZONE WITH A PERIPHERAL RING OF HEMOGLOBIN.