8.3 using genome projects

• a genome project works by collecting DNA samples from many individuals of a species. these DNA samples are then sequenced and compared to create a reference genome
• genome sequencing can aid the understanding of gene function and interaction
• gene sequencing methods only work of fragments of DNA. so if you want to sequence the entire genome of an organism, you need to chop it up into smaller pieces first. The smaller pieces are sequenced and then put back in order to give the sequence of the whole genome
• why is it harder to sequence the genome of complex organisms?

  large sections of non-coding DNA, regulatory genes
• regulatory genes are genes that control the expression of other genes in a cell
• what is an example of a new and faster technique that's used in genome sequencing?

  pyrosequencing
• benefits of the Human Genome Project?

  Genetic research, medical advancements.
• automated DNA sequencing makes use of the chain-termination
• the DNA sequence can be interpreted using an autoradiograph
• what is bioinformatics?

  science of collecting and analysing complex biological data such as genetic codes
• what technique is used when determining the complete DNA base sequence of an organism?

  whole-genome shotgun sequencing