DNA

• DNA is a double-stranded molecule that forms a helical structure.
• The structure of DNA consists of two strands twisted together, forming a double helix.
• DNA is the genetic material that contains all the information needed to build an organism.
• The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary base pairs (A with T, C with G).
• The sequence of these base pairs determines the genetic information encoded by DNA.
• The sequence of nucleotides on one strand determines the sequence of amino acids in proteins.
• DNA strands are polymers made up of lots of repeating units called nucleotides
• Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, a phosphate group and a base
• bases: A to T
• bases: C to G
• the order of bases in a gene determines the amino acids for a protein
• protein synthesis is when an enzyme called RNA polymerase connects complimentary RNA bases to DNA, creating single stranded mRNA. mRNA copies the code from the nucleus and delivers it to the ribosome to make a protein
• an allele is an alternate form of the same gene