lesson 7

• Politics refers to activities through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live.
• Power refers to the ability to do something in order to achieve a desired outcome.
• Bands during the prehistoric period based their leadership on skill and is more simple.
• Larger communities such as tribes and chiefdoms led to more complex forms of organizations and different bases of legitimacy for leadership.
• Authority - legitimate power
• Legitimacy is the "righteousness" or declaration of lawfulness, transforming power into authority.
• Legitimacy is a moral or rational principle that allows governments to demand obedience from citizens.
• Max Weber identified three types of authority: traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational.
• Traditional authority is based on a system that is believed to have "always existed" and is passed down through inheritance or occupation of a specific position.
• Charismatic authority is based on the special and extraordinary characteristics or qualities possessed by an individual, making them highly popular, persuasive, and inspiring loyalty and obedience from others.
• Legal-rational authority is the most typical type of authority in modern societies.
• Who developed the 3 types of authority?

  Max Weber
• Leaders can rightfully wield authority if they obtain their positions according to established procedures such as elections or through appointment.
• Heads of governments such as presidents and prime ministers pose legal-rational authority
• The three types of authority identified by Weber are TRADITIONAL, CHARISMATIC, and LEGAL-RATIONAL.
• Political organizations are responsible for public decision-making, leadership, social cohesion, protecting group rights, and ensuring safety.
• Bands and tribes, earlier types of societies, were dominated by personal and kinship ties.
• Political dynasties refer to a succession of rulers from the same line of descent who continuously hold elective political positions.
• Political clientelism involves giving material goods in return for electoral support and involves a relationship between a patron (politician) and a client (voter).
• A nation consists of a distinct population bound together by a common culture, history, and tradition within a specific geographic region.
• A state is a political unit with sovereignty over a territory and its people.
• A state encompasses several communities, has a bureaucracy, and leaders with legitimate power.
• Bureaucracy is ruled by officials.
• Political liberalization refers to the emergence of liberal-democratic regimes characterized by political parties and competitive elections.
• Political parties and institutions such as electoral systems developed as a result of political liberalization.
• Not all societies went through the same processes as the West in terms of political institutions.
• In the Philippines, attempts to establish political institutions based on the American model did not result in the same type of liberal democracy.
• Political culture refers to the pattern of orientation to political objects expressed in beliefs, symbols, and values.
• Nation has a political and cultural community
• Political Liberalization - formal elections and political parties
• Formulation of Laws - defined social behavior, etc.
• Charismatic is the most unstable type of authority
• Legal-Rational authority uses brain and is the most stable.
• Legitimare means righteousness and is the origin of legitimacy
• Power aims to control people and achieve a desired outcome
• Political Clientelism uses utang na loob.
• Sovereignty is the legitimate or ultimate authority