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Geography
1 Living with the Physical Environment
The Living World
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Cards (156)
What is an ecosystem?
A unit including
biotic
and
abiotic
parts
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What are the three types of organisms in ecosystems?
Producers
,
consumers
, and
decomposers
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What is the role of a producer in an ecosystem?
It uses
sunlight energy
to produce food
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How does a consumer obtain energy?
By eating other organisms, including
producers
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What determines the type of ecosystem that forms in an area?
The
climate
in that area
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What are the major types of global ecosystems?
Tundra
Grassland
Temperate Deciduous Forest
Tropical Rainforest
Hot Desert
Polar
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Where is tundra found?
High latitudes above
60°
N
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What is the climate like in tundra regions?
Very cold
winters
, brief summers, little
rainfall
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What type of vegetation is found in tundra?
Mosses
,
grasses
, and low shrubs
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What are the two types of grassland?
Savannah
and
temperate
grasslands
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What characterizes savannah grasslands?
Distinct
dry and wet seasons with low
rainfall
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What type of trees are found in temperate deciduous forests?
Deciduous
trees that
lose
leaves
in
winter
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Where are tropical rainforests located?
Around the
equator
between the
tropics
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What is the climate like in tropical rainforests?
Hot and wet all
year
round
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How much rainfall do tropical rainforests receive annually?
Around
2000
mm per year
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Why is the soil in tropical rainforests not very fertile?
Heavy rain washes
nutrients
away
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What type of trees dominate tropical rainforests?
Evergreen
trees that do not shed leaves
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What is the significance of epiphytes in tropical rainforests?
They
grow
on
other plants
and
absorb moisture
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What is the biodiversity level in tropical rainforests?
Extremely high, containing
50%
of species
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How do changes in the rainforest ecosystem affect biodiversity?
Changes can lead to
extinction
of species
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What happens if the agouti becomes extinct in the rainforest?
Brazil nut
trees would decline, affecting others
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What is deforestation?
Removal of trees from
forests
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What are some causes of deforestation?
Population pressure
,
mining
, and
commercial farming
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What is one environmental impact of deforestation?
Soil erosion
due to lack of
tree roots
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How does deforestation contribute to climate change?
It increases
CO2
emissions in the atmosphere
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What is the rate of rainforest deforestation?
Roughly
130,000
km²
per year
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What is sustainable management of tropical rainforests?
Managing resources without compromising
future
needs
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What are some methods of sustainable management for rainforests?
Selective logging
Reforestation
Ecotourism development
Community-based conservation
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What is selective logging?
Felling only
some
trees, leaving others
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Why is it important to protect tropical rainforests?
To preserve
biodiversity
and
resources
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How does deforestation affect local people's livelihoods?
It can destroy
resources
they depend on
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What is one benefit of protecting rainforests?
It helps reduce the
greenhouse effect
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How do rainforests help mitigate climate change?
By absorbing
CO2
emissions from
burning
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What is a global consequence of rainforest destruction?
Climate change
affects all
countries
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What role do rainforests play in regulating the climate?
They help regulate the climate and
water cycle
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How can rainforests be sustainably managed?
Allows current needs without compromising future needs
Methods include selective logging,
ecotourism
,
replanting
, and education
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Why is selective logging less damaging?
It maintains
forest structure
and allows
regeneration
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What are the least damaging forms of logging?
'Horse logging'
and
'helicopter logging'
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What is ecotourism?
Tourism that minimizes
environmental
damage
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How does ecotourism benefit local people?
Provides income through
guiding
and services
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See all 156 cards
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