Baddeley’s study

• What was the aim of Baddeley's study?

  To see if there was a difference in encoding
• What method did Baddeley use in his study?

  • Participants learned words that were:
  • Similar or dissimilar sounding (e.g., cat, cab)
  • Similar or dissimilar in meaning (e.g., great, large)
  • Immediate recall for sound similarity
  • Recall after 20 minutes for meaning similarity
• What type of words were poorly recalled in STM?

  Similar sounding words
• What type of words were poorly recalled in LTM?

  Words with similar meanings
• What does Baddeley's conclusion suggest about STM and LTM encoding?

  STM is encoded by sound, LTM by meaning
• What are the strengths of Baddeley's study's evaluation?

  • Controlled experiment
  • Extraneous variables controlled (e.g., hearing test)
• What is a limitation regarding the encoding in STM according to Brandimote et al.?

  STM is sometimes visual, not just auditory
• What is a potential issue with the validity of Baddeley's conclusion about LTM?

  LTM may not have been adequately tested
• Why might the 20-minute wait before recall affect the study's validity?

  It may not accurately reflect LTM encoding
• What are the key findings of Baddeley's study regarding encoding in memory?

  • STM encodes information acoustically (by sound)
  • LTM encodes information semantically (by meaning)
  • Similar sounding words are poorly recalled in STM
  • Similar meaning words are poorly recalled in LTM