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Luna Nwosu
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Cards (137)
What was the life expectancy in 1900?
Below 50
years of age
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What percentage of babies died before their first birthday in 1899?
16.3%
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Why did most families not see a doctor in 1900?
They could not afford the
fee
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What was the status of vaccines in 1900?
Some vaccines
existed
, but many
diseases spread
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Why were many illnesses not cured in 1900?
No
antibiotics
or effective medicines existed
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What limited surgery in 1900?
Blood loss
during operations
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How much has life expectancy increased since 1900?
Nearly doubled
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What were some key changes that improved life expectancy after 1900?
Germ Theory and discovery of
DNA
Effective
anaesthetics
and
antiseptics
Vaccinations against more diseases
Public Health Acts
of
1848
and
1875
Development of
antibiotics
and
chemical drugs
Establishment of the
NHS
in
1948
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What was the Public Health Act of 1848 about?
It
aimed
to
improve
public health
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How did wars influence medical advancements?
Increased
government spending
and research
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What was the role of communication and education in health improvements?
Ideas spread rapidly
as most could read
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What was the significance of the Beveridge Report in 1942?
It influenced the establishment of the
NHS
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What are magic bullets in medicine?
Chemicals
that target specific
bacteria
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Who discovered Salvarsan 606?
Paul Ehrlich
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What was the first magic bullet used to treat syphilis?
Salvarsan 606
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What was the significance of Prontosil?
It was the first drug to treat
bacterial infections
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What did Alexander Fleming discover in 1928?
Penicillin
mould that killed bacteria
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How did Fleming's discovery of penicillin differ from earlier knowledge of mould?
He recognized its potential for
treating
infections
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What was the impact of Florey and Chain's research on penicillin?
It
led
to
the
mass
production
of
penicillin
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What was the outcome of the first human trial of penicillin?
The
patient
improved but ultimately died
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When did the mass production of penicillin begin?
During
World War II
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How did the US government contribute to penicillin production during WWII?
Funded
21
companies for mass production
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What was the estimated impact of penicillin on Allied soldiers during WWII?
Saved
12-15%
of wounded soldiers' lives
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What were the key factors in the development of antibiotics?
Research by scientists like
Ehrlich
and
Domagk
Use of technology like electron microscopes
Mass production capabilities in factories
Government funding and support
Collaboration among research teams
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What was penicillin recognized as?
A very
powerful
drug
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Why did Florey and Chain need a large factory?
To grow and extract
penicillin
on an industrial scale
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Which country did Florey approach first for penicillin production?
British
pharmaceutical companies
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Why did American companies start producing penicillin in June 1941?
Because the
USA
had not joined the war yet
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How was penicillin initially produced in the USA?
In
beer
vats
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How many people could be treated with penicillin by the end of 1941?
Ten
people
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What happened when the US government noticed the impact of penicillin?
They funded
21
companies to mass produce it
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When did the Allied armies begin to use penicillin?
In
1943
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How many doses of penicillin was the US army using monthly by 1945?
Two million
doses
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What percentage of wounded Allied soldiers might have died without penicillin?
12-15
percent
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What other uses did penicillin have besides treating infections?
Preventing infection after
tooth extraction
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What was discovered to be effective against tuberculosis?
Streptomycin
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Who mapped the chemical structure of penicillin?
Dorothy Hodgkin
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What is the significance of the first penicillin-resistant strain of bacteria?
It appeared in
1942
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What did the work of Pasteur and Koch prove wrong?
The
miasma theory
of disease
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Who published the theory of inheritance in 1866?
Gregor Mendel
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See all 137 cards
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