Electromagnetic Waves

• Reflection is the bouncing off of a wave when it hits a barrier.
• Refraction of light is the change in the speed of a wave when it enters another medium.
• Dispersion of light is the separation of white light into its component colors.
• The hottest part of a candle’s flame is not specified.
• The color with the highest frequency is violet.
• The color with the lowest frequency is red.
• As the wavelength decreases, the frequency increases or they are inversely proportional.
• From red to violet, the frequencies of colors of light increase.
• The energy of the different color increases from red to violet.
• The component colors of white light are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.
• The property of light that separates white light into its component colors is dispersion.
• The relationship between frequency and wavelength is inversely proportional.
• The relationship between frequency and energy is directly proportional.
• The strongest color is violet.
• The weakest color is red.
• Rainbows form when light is dispersed through water droplets.
• Red sunsets occur when sunlight is dispersed through dust particles.
• The Electromagnetic Theory was formulated by Maxwell, who described light as a propagating wave of electric and magnetic fields.
• Maxwell also predicted the existence of electromagnetic radiation, which is coupled electric and magnetic fields traveling as waves at a speed equal to the known speed of light.
• In 1888, German physicist Heinrich Hertz succeeded in demonstrating the existence of long-wavelength electromagnetic waves and showed that their properties are consistent with those of the shorter-wavelength visible light.
• Maxwell calculated the speed of an electromagnetic wave and found that the speed of an electromagnetic wave was almost identical to the speed of light.
• Faraday discovered that a magnetic field influenced polarized light, a phenomenon known as the magneto-optical effect or Faraday effect.
• Oersted discovered that when he turned on an electric current by connecting the wire to both ends of the battery, a compass needle held nearby deflected away from magnetic north, where it normally pointed.
• André-Marie Ampère made the revolutionary discovery that a wire carrying electric current can attract or repel another wire next to it that’s also carrying electric current.
• Heinrich Hertz discovered radio waves and conclusively proved Maxwell’s theory of electromagnetism.
• Hertz also discovered the Photoelectric Effect and did pioneering work in the field of Contact Mechanics.
• A wave is a periodic disturbance that moves away from a source and carries energy with it.
• A wave can be described as a disturbance that travels through a medium from one location to another location.
• Vibration is periodic back and forth motion of the particles of a body or medium.
• A medium is a substance or material that carries waves.
• A wave medium is the substance that carries a wave (or disturbance) from one location to another.
• A pulse wave is a sudden disturbance in which only one wave or a few waves is/are generated.
• A periodic wave can be regarded as a series of pulses.
• One pulse follows another in regular succession.
• Transverse waves are waves in which the vibration is perpendicular to the direction in which the waves travel.
• Longitudinal waves are waves in which the vibration is parallel to the direction in which the waves travel.
• A surface wave is a wave in which particles of the medium undergo a circular motion.
• Surface waves are neither longitudinal nor transverse.
• Waves can be typified according to the direction of motion of the vibrating particles with respect to the direction in which the waves travel.
• Waves in a rope are called transverse waves because the individual segments of the rope vibrate perpendicular to the direction in which the waves travel.