RMT

• Chemical test in urine

  • Calcium - Sulkowitch
  • Chloride - Fantus, Schales Schales
  • Bile pigments - Smith, Harrison's spot, ictotest, Gmelin
  • Urobilin - Schlesinger
  • Urobilinogen - Wallace and diamond
  • Ketones - Rothera's, Lange, acetest, Gerhardt's
  • Fructose - Resorcinol, Seliwanoff, and Borchardt's
• Chemical test in urine

  • Qualitative test for protein - Heat and acetic acid, SSA, Purdy's, picric acid, Potassium ferricyanide, Biuret, Heller's, Spiegler's test
  • Quantitative test for protein - Biuret, Kingsburry-clark, Esbach's, Kwilecki's
  • Sugars - Biacol orcinol, Benedicts, Moore Heller, Nylander's, Rubner's (glucose = red with red yellow, Lactose = red with red ppt)
• Biologic test for PT (Henry's 19th ed.)

  • Test Method: Ascheim-Zondek
  • Animal used: immature female mice
  • Positive result: formation of hemorrhagic follicles and corpora lutea
• Biologic test for PT (Henry's 19th ed.)

  • Test Method: friedman
  • Animal used: mature virgin female rabbit
  • Positive result: hyperemic uterus and corpora hemorrhagica
• Biologic test for PT (Henry's 19th ed.)

  • Test Method: Hogben
  • Animal used: Female toad (Xenopus laevis) south african clawed frog - carries eggs throughout the year
  • Positive result: Oogenesis
• Biologic test for PT (Henry's 19th ed.)

  • Test Method: Galili-manini
  • Animal used: male frog (rana pipiens or rana clamitans, leopard or grass frog); male toad (Bufo bufo or bufo americanus)
  • Positive result: spermatogenesis
• Biologic test for PT (Henry’s 19th ed.)

  • Test Method: frank berman
  • Animal used: immature female rats
  • Positive result: ovarian hyperemia
• Biologic test for PT (Henry’s 19th ed.)

  • Test Method: kupperman
  • Animal used: female rat
  • Positive result: ovarian hyperemia
• Test for renal calculi

  • Wipe off the stone(s) and describe in terms of size(m), shape, color and hardness/ texture
  • Powderized stone and dissolve in a small amount of concentrated HCL
  • Foaming upon contact with HCL = Carbonate
  • Magenta color = Cysteine
  • Blue color = Phosphate
  • Blue precipitate = Magnesium
  • Pale yellow color = Calcium
  • Orange brown color = Ammonium
  • Yellow orange color = Uric acid
  • Black sediment which settles and bubbles and appear from the bottom of the tube = oxalate
• Home based pregnancy test kit

  1. Principle of current PT test kit: IMMUNOLOGIC (Enzyme immunoassay / immunochromatographic assay)
  2. Detects the Beta hG subunit of glycoprotein/amino acid
  3. It is an indirect test for the detection of fetus
  4. Sensitivity: a positive result if a minimum of approximately 25mIU/ml CG is present
  5. Presence of two-color bands suggest a positive result
  6. Presence of one-color band (control region) suggest a negative result
• Home based pregnancy test kit

  1. Absence of two-color bands suggest an invalid result
  2. A VERY FAINT LINE IN THE TEST AREA SUGGEST TO REPEAT TEST AFTER 48hours
  3. Diluted urine sample = causes false negative result
  4. Drugs such as Aspirin and Diazepam (valium)= causes false positive result
  5. Other causes of false positive = Choriocarcinoma, germ cell tumor, & testicular cancer