Special Topics in Management

• Globalization

  • it is a worldwide phenomenon whereby the countries of the world are becoming more interconnected and where trade barriers among nations are disappearing
• Globalization Factors

  1. Lowering Trade Barriers
  2. Foreign Direct Investment
  3. The Internet
• Tariffs are taxes that are added to the price of imported international products
• Globalization Factor 1: Lowering Trade Barriers

  • Imposing tariffs on imported goods gives domestic companies a price advantage and protects them from foreign competition
• Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to the deliberate efforts of a country or company to invest in another country through the form of ownership positions in companies.
• Globalization Factor 2: Foreign direct investment

  • also means building or purchasing businesses and their associated infrastructure in a foreign country
• Globalization Factor 3: The Internet

  • The developments in information technology and the reduction in costs of technological equipment mean that any multinational can reach anyone in the world
• Empathetic

  • taking time to see things in employee’s point of view; making the employees feel that they are understood
• Humility

  • state of being humble and constantly reflecting on how to improve as a leader and as a person
• Rational

  • staying logical even amid pressures and chaos
• Curious and Open-minded

  • finding innovative solutions by taking other people’s perspectives
• Passionate

  • showing love for what they are doing
• Excellent Foresight

  • can predict possible issues and can address them even before they occur
• Nurturing

  • setting realistic standards and mentoring/molding workers
• Integrity

  • complying with government regulations; deliver promises
• Characteristics and values of Filipino Workers

  1. bayanihan
  2. pakikisama
  3. utang ng loob
  4. karangalan
  5. malasakit
• Bayanihan

  • Exhibit the value of community and camaraderie that allows for collaboration with others with ease
• pakikisama

  • Put great value towards groups and family which helps establish loyalty with the company where they work.
• utang ng loob

  • Have a strong sense of reciprocity to honor debts to others.
• karangalan

  • Value pride and dignity
• Malasakit

  Treat others the way they would want to be treated. Demonstrate concern for their professional path and personal well-being
• Management by Objective

  • a management philosophy that stems from the human resource model and Theory Y’s assumption that employees are capable of self-direction and self- control.
• MBO also is anchored in Maslow’s need theory
• Four major components of the MBO process:

  1. Setting specific goals
  2. Setting realistic and acceptable goals
  3. Joint participation in goal setting, planning, and controlling
  4. Feedback
• Total Quality Management (TQM) is a business philosophy that emphasizes a systems approach to quality.
• Major Contributors to TQM

  1. W. Edwards Deming
  2. Joseph Juran
  3. Philip Crosby
• W. Edwards Deming

  • An American engineer; Father of TQM
  • His philosophy focused on continuous improvement
  • He believed that a commitment to quality requires transforming the entire organization
• THE JURAN QUALITY TRILOGY

  1. Quality Planning (Quality by Design)
  2. Quality Control (Process Control & Regulatory)
  3. Quality Improvement
• Philip Bayard Crosby

  • American businessman known for the concept “Zero Defects"
• Zero Defects

  • determining current and potential quality problems, evaluating in a timely manner the cost of quality, encourage the personal interest of all employees for quality, take concrete action to fix problems, generate spaces where staff can express to the management the obstacles faced in the development of their improvement goals, and give recognition to the most active members
• Philip Bayard Crosby was credited with developing the concept of zero defects, which emphasizes customer satisfaction as a measure of quality control
• The first 2 important TQM program components used in the study of Talavera (2005) include the following:

  1. Commitment to Quality
  2. Employee Involvement.
• Commitment to Quality

  • Get the commitment to the program of the top management and the company’s key stakeholders.
• Just in Time (JIT)

  • it is a lean production system where everything happens and/or made available “just in time”
• JIT philosophy

  • elimination of waste in its many forms
  • belief that ordering/holding costs can be reduced
  • continuous improvement, always striving to improve
• CANDO

  • is an acronym developed by Henry Ford, who developed the Model T car.
  • closely resembles the 5S methodology often credited to Toyota and Taiichi Ohno
• C = Cleaning up

  A = Arranging

  N = Neatness

  D = Discipline

  O = Ongoing improvement
• 5S

  • represents Japanese words that describe the steps of a workplace organization process
• 5S

  1. Seiri (Sort)
  2. Seiton (Straighten, Set)
  3. Seiso (Shine, Sweep)
  4. Seiketsu (Standardize)
  5. Shitsuke (Sustain)
• Aristotle

  • Quality is not an act, it is a habit.