Main components

• What is the aim of psychosurgery?

  To relieve stress, anxiety, and depression
• How does psychosurgery work?

  By destroying parts of the brain or severing connections
• Who pioneered early psychosurgery?

  Egal Moniz
• What was the original surgery called that Egal Moniz developed?

  Prefrontal Leucotomy
• What does the Prefrontal Leucotomy involve?

  Selective destruction of nerve fibres
• Which part of the brain is affected by Prefrontal Leucotomy?

  The frontal lobe
• What is the purpose of Prefrontal Leucotomy?

  To alleviate severe symptoms of mental illness
• Who popularised the Transorbital Lobotomy in the 1940s?

  Water Freeman
• How is the Transorbital Lobotomy performed?

  By inserting a sharp instrument through the eye socket
• What part of the brain is damaged during a Transorbital Lobotomy?

  The prefrontal cortex
• What was the believed effect of the Transorbital Lobotomy?

  To reduce aggressive behaviour
• Why are lobotomies now illegal?

  Due to ethical concerns and risks
• What is Stereotactic Psychosurgery?

  A precise method for treating mental disorders
• What mental disorders can Stereotactic Psychosurgery treat?

  OCD, Bipolar disorder, Depression, Eating disorders
• What is Bilateral Cingulotomy designed to do?

  Interrupt a circuit in the brain
• How can surgeons perform Bilateral Cingulotomy?

  By burning tissue or using a gamma knife
• What is a gamma knife used for in psychosurgery?

  To focus beams of radiation at the target site
• What is Capsulotomy in psychosurgery?

  Inserting probes through the skull into the capsule
• What are the main components of psychosurgery therapy?

  Techniques to relieve mental health issues
• What ethical considerations are associated with lobotomies?

  Concerns about patient consent and risks
• How have psychosurgery techniques advanced over time?

  From lobotomies to precise stereotactic methods
• What role does the prefrontal cortex play in mental health?

  It is involved in impulse control and mood regulation
• What is an alternative to psychosurgery?

  Deep brain stimulation
• How is deep brain stimulation performed?

  Surgeons thread wires through the skull
• What is a key characteristic of deep brain stimulation?

  It is only temporary
• What is a benefit of deep brain stimulation compared to psychosurgery?

  There is no tissue damage