Causation

• What are the two different types of offences?

  Result crimes and conduct crimes
• What are result crimes?

  The actus reus of a result crime specifics the:

  • causing of a particular criminal result as the guilty act
• What are conduct crimes?

  The actus reus of conduct crimes specifies:

  • the undertaking of a particular behaviour or action as the guilty act
  • no need to prove a particular result occurred as a consequence of the conduct
• What is the main difference between result crimes and conduct crimes?

  Result crimes require you to apply the principles of causation, conduct crimes don't.
• What are the two different types of causation?

  Factual causation and legal causation
• What is the test used to determine factual causation?

  But for test:

  • But for the defendant's actions, would the criminal consequence have occurred?
  • as seen in R v Pagett
• What must be proven to satisfy legal causation?

  Legal causation is satisfied if:

  1. Factual causation has been satisfied
  2. There's more than a slight or trifling link between the defendant’s actions and the criminal consequence
  3. as seen in R v Kimsey
  4. doesn't need to be the sole or main cause
  5. as seen in R v Cheshire