ORIENT TO HUMAN BODY

• Orientation to the Human Body is prepared by Daniel Dominick G.
• Homeostasis is the maintenance of relatively stable conditions in the body’s internal environment.
• A control center sets the narrow range or set point within which a controlled condition should be maintained.
• Thoracic cavity is the chest cavity.
• Anatomical position is the standard position of reference when describing any region or part of the human body.
• Cranial cavity contains the brain.
• Pericardial cavity surrounds the heart.
• Pelvic cavity contains the urinary bladder, part of the large intestine, and organs of reproduction.
• Supine is a body position where the body is lying faceup/on back.
• Homeostatic imbalances are failures of the human body to maintain the physiological processes, resulting in disorder, an abnormality of structure or function, and can lead to disease.
• Prone is a body position where the body is lying facedown/on belly.
• A positive feedback system strengthens or reinforces change in a controlled condition.
• The basic components of a feedback system include a receptor, a control center, and an effector.
• Abdominal cavity contains the visceral organs of the abdomen.
• The body can regulate its internal environment through many feedback systems.
• Homeostasis occurs because of the ceaseless interplay of the body’s regulatory systems, and is a dynamic condition.
• Any disruption that changes a controlled condition in a feedback system is called a stimulus.
• A negative feedback system reverses a change in a controlled condition.
• Mediastinum contains the heart, thymus, esophagus, trachea, and several large blood vessels.
• A receptor monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends input to a control center.
• A feedback system is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, re-evaluated, and so on.
• Head, Neck, Trunk, Upper limb/extremities (UE), Lower limb/extremities (LE) are regional names for parts of the human body.
• Pleural cavity surrounds the lungs.
• Each monitored variable in a feedback system is termed a controlled condition.
• Vertebral canal contains the spinal cord.
• Midsagittal is equal.
• Exercise physiology is the study of the changes in cell and organ functions due to physical activity.
• Sagittal plane divides the body/organ into right and left side.
• Frontal/Coronal plane divides the body/organ into anterior and posterior portions.
• Homeostasis involves maintaining the volume and composition of body fluids.
• An effector receives output from the control center and produces a response or effect that changes the controlled condition.
• Superior, Inferior, Anterior, Posterior, Medial, Lateral, Intermediate, Ipsilateral, Contralateral, Proximal, Distal, Superficial, Deep are directional terms for parts of the human body.
• Parasagittal is unequal.
• Transverse plane divides the body/organ into superior and inferior portions.
• Tissue level is groups of cells and the materials surrounding them that work together to perform a particular function.
• Movement is the motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells.
• Developmental biology is the study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization to death.
• Gross anatomy is the study of structures that can be examined without a microscope.
• Growth is an increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both.
• Differentiation is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state.