URINARY SYSTEM

• Italic allows for the removal of samples and small stones, and can evaluate urinary bladder problems and post-obstruction.
• The urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urters, one bladder, and one urethra.
• Nephroptosis is a kidney displacement caused by a lack of secure attachment to adjacent organs or fat.
• The urter may kick, blocking urine flow, causing damage to the kidney and causing pain.
• Nephroptosis is common in individuals with defective adipose capsules or real fatty tissue.
• The kidney regulates blood ionic composition, blood pH, blood volume, blood pressure, blood glucose level, and maintains blood osmolarity.
• The kidney produces hormones and excretes metabolic wastes and foreign substances.
• Nephron is a kind of nephron.
• Cortical nephron and juxtamedullary nephron are two kinds of nephron.
• Blood flow is a function of nephron.
• The kidney is placed in the recipient's pelvis through an abdominal incision, and the recipient's renal artery and vein are connected to it.
• 75% of cases are concluded to the bladder epithelium and can be easily removed through surgery.
• Early detection and treatment are favored.
• Carcinogens like smoking and exposure to arsenic are common causes.
• A kidney transplant involves transferring a kidney from a donor to a recipient whose kidneys no longer function.
• Workers in industries like leather, dyestuff, rubber, and aluminum are at risk.
• Cytoscopy is a circular procedure for males to examine the mucosa of the urethra.
• The disease is painless and often causes blood in the urine.
• The recipient must be vigilant for infection or organ rejection, and will take immunosuppressive drugs for life.
• Filtration and net filtration rate are functions of nephron.
• Polycystic Kidney Disease is a common inherited disorder characterized by the accumulation of cysts in kidney tubules and inappropriate apopsis, leading to progressive renal function impairment and eventual end-stage renal failure.
• Symptoms of Polycystic Kidney Disease typically appear in an adult manner, but drugs, diet restrictions, and urinary tract infections can slow the progression to end-stage renal failure.
• Urinary Bladder Cancer kills 12,000 Americans annually, primarily in men over 50.
• The second stage of renal insufficiency results in decreased GFR and increased blood levels of nitrogen-containing wastes, creating a vicious cycle and potentially requiring a kidney transplant.
• The final stage, end-stage renal failure, occurs when 90% of the nephrons are lost, requiring daily dialysis and potentially requiring a kidney transplant.
• Polycystic Kidney Disease can also cause cysts and apopsis in other organs, increase the risk of cerebral aneurysms, heart valve defects, and colon diversivicula.
• Glomerular filtration rate and resorption & secretion are functions of nephron.
• The latter may cause urinary tract infection, blocking urine flow, causing damage to the kidney and causing pain.
• Urinary Tract Infection is a kidney placement caused by a lack of secure attachment to adult organs or fat.
• Renal calculi, also known as renal calculi, can form due to factors like excessive calcium intake, low water intake, and abnormality of the parathyroid gland lands.
• Four people experience weakening of fibroblast bands, with females being 10 times more likely to experience it.
• Urinary Tract Infection is common in individuals with defective adipose capsules or renal fascia.
• Shock-wave lithotripsy is a procedure that uses high-energy shock waves to disintegrate kidney stones, offering an alternative to surgical removal.
• Reabsorption routes in nephron include primary active transport and secondary active transport.
• Renal Failure is the cessation of kidney function, often characterized by oliguria or anuria.
• Causes of Renal Failure include low blood volume, decreased cardiac output, damaged renal tubules, kidney stones, used in anatomical models, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and some antibiotics.
• In the first stage of Renal Failure, nephrons are destroyed until 75% of them are lost, causing no symptoms.
• Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) is a measure of kidney function and is used to determine the stage of Renal Failure.
• Renal Failure is also common in individuals suffering from severe illnesses or traumatic injuries, potentially related to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS).
• Renal Failure progresses in three stages: decreased renal reserve, renal insufficiency, and end-stage renal failure.