NERVOUS SYSTEM

• Neuroanatomy is prepared by: Daniel Dominick G.
• Cervical, Brachial, Lumbar, and Lumbosacral plexuses contain Sensor and Motor Tracts.
• Sensor Tracts in the Sensor and Motor Tracts ascend, while Motor Tracts descend.
• Ankle plantar flexion andversion result in Gastrocnemius, Soleus, Tibialis Posterior, Peroneus Longus, and Peroneus Brevis muscles being activated.
• The Sea of Intelligence provides us with the ability to read, write, speak, make calculations, compose music, remember the past, plan the future, and imagine things that have never existed before.
• The Cerebral White Matter consists of tracts, commissural tracts, projection tracts, and association tracts.
• The Epiphysis is a small region superior and posterior to the Hypothalamus, consisting of the pineal gland and habenular nucleus.
• The Hypothalamus is a major function of the brain controlling the ANS, producing hormones, regulating emotional and behavioral patterns, regulating eating and drinking, controlling body temperature, and regulating circadian rhythms.
• The Basal Ganglia / Nuclei are accessory structures in the brain.
• The Limbic System is a ring of structures on the inner border of the cerebrum and floor of the diencephalon, including the Limbic lobe which includes the cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus.
• The Globus pallidus is a major nucleus in the brain.
• The Putamen is a nucleus in the brain.
• Major groups of nuclei in the brain include the Mamillary region for reflexes related to the sense of smell, the Tuberal region which is a wide part of the brain, the Supraopic region which lies superior to the optic chiasm, and the Preopic region which is anterior to the Supraopic region and participates in regulating certain autonomic activities.
• The Substantia nigra is a nucleus in the brain.
• The Habenular nucleus is an emotional response to olfaction.
• The Pineal gland secretes the hormone melatonin.
• The Subthalamic nucleus is a nucleus in the brain.
• The Frontal lobe of the Cerebrum is associated with executive functions, the Parietal lobe with sensory functions, the Temporal lobe with memory functions, and the Occipital lobe with visual functions.
• The Caudate nucleus is a nucleus in the brain.
• The medulla oblongata nucleus includes the cardiovascular center, respiratory center, vomiting center, and deglutition center.
• The cerebrum is the largest part of the brain.
• Pyramids are large corticospinal tracts.
• The inferior olivary nucleus, gustatory nucleus, cochlear nucleus, and vestibular nucleus are located in the pons.
• The medulla oblongata consists of sensor (ascending) tracts and motor (descending) tracts.
• The falx cerebri separates the two cerebellar hemispheres.
• The dura mater separates the two cerebral hemispheres.
• The cerebellum is posterior to the brain stem.
• The diencephalon is the largest part of the brain.
• Decussation of pyramids is the crossing of axons.
• The flow of CSF begins at the medulla oblongata and ends at the inferior border of the pons.
• The brain consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.
• The clear, colorless liquid composed primarily of water that protects the brain and spinal cord from chemical and physical injuries is called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
• The arachnoid mater and pia mater are membranes that seal together the endothelial cells of brain blood capillaries and a thick basement membrane that surrounds capillaries.
• The tentorium cerebelli separates the occipital lobe from the cerebellum.
• The formation of CSF in the ventricles is primarily due to the choroid plexus, a network of blood capillaries in the walls of the ventricles.
• The blood-brain barrier is a tight junction that seals together the endothelial cells of brain blood capillaries and a thick basement membrane that surrounds capillaries.
• Muscles supplied by one pair of spinal nerves include the knee extension, quadriceps femoris, and the ankle dorsiflexion, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus.
• Muscles supplied by one pair of spinal nerves include the wrist ulnar deviation, finger flexion, flexor carpi ulnaris, and digitator profundus.
• The nervous system consists of the spinal cord, meninges, dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater, vertebral column, spinal nerves, and dermatomes.
• Meningeal branch is a branch of spinal nerves that connects to the meninges.